variety.—Loight. Lich. Fl. cd. 3, p. 141 ; Cromb. Grevillea, xv.
p. 78.
Might be taken for a state of P . ohsmra or P . ccesia esorediate, from
b o th 'o f whicli it is readily distinguished by the marginal cilia. I t is
closely allied to the preceding variety, from which it differs in the colour
of the thallus and of the cilia, and in the almost entire absence of rhizinæ
on the under surface. In the few British specimens there are no apothecia.
Hah. On roeks in maritime districts.—Histr. Only in the Channel
I.slands, the S.W. Highlands of Scotland, and N.W. Ireland ; no doubt
to be detected elsewhere.—B. M. : I.a Aloye, Island of Jersey. Barcal-
diue, Argyleshire. Leeuaiie, co. Galway.
Subsp. 1. P. tenella Nyl. Flora, 1874, p. 306.—Thallus subeffuse,
narrowly laciniate ; laoiniæ ascending, usuaUy tubuloso-intlated or
fornieato a t tho apices, wh ite flbrillosn-ciliato a t the margius.
Apothecia small or moderate, th e margin entire or crenulate.—
Cromh. Grovillea, xv. p. 78.—P h y sd a stellaris var. tenella Cromb.
Lioh. Brit. p. 39 : Leight. Lioh. Fl. p. 151, od. 3, p. 141. Borrera
Jiisgnda p . tenella Aludd, Alan. p. 106. Parmelia tenella Tayl. in
Alack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 147. Borrera tenella Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 434 ;
Hook. Fl. Soot. ii. p. 56 ; Sm. Eng. F l. v. p. 222. Lichen teneVus
Soop. Fl. Cam. (1760) p. 1406 ; Eng. Bot. t. 1 3 5 1 ; With. Arr.
ed. 3, iv. p. 56. Lichen ciliaris p . Huds. El. Angl. cd. 2, p. 538 ;
Lightf. El. Scot. ii. p. 828. Lichenoides hispidum minus et tenenus,
scutellis n ig ris Dill. Muso. 152, t. 20. f. 46, c, E.— B r it. Exs. :
Leight. n. 1 7 4 ; Mudd, n. 7 8 ; Cromb. n. 1 5 1 ; Larb. Lioh. Hb.
n. 330 ; Bohl. n. 20.
Looks at first sight as if it were a distinct species. I t is readily recognized
by the hooded-like apices of the ascendant laciniæ, though these
finally become sorediate. The thallus and the marginal cilia, which are
either simple or variously divided, often become darker-coloured in age,
or when growing in dry exposed places. The apothecia are not unfrequent,
and the spermogones are often numerous.
Hah. On the trunks and branches of trees, old walls, and occasionally
boulders in maritime and upland districts.—Distr. General and common
in Great Britain ; apparently rare in Irelaud and the Channel Islands.—
B. M. : La Aloye, Island of Jersey ; Island of Guernsey. Earsham, Norfolk
; Bury St. Edmund.s, Suftblk; Walthamstow, Essex ; Shanklin, Isle
of AA’ig h t; Plymouth, Devonshire ; near Penzance and Withiel, Cornwall
; near Cirencester, Gloucestershire ; Twycross, Leicestershire ; Grimsbury
Green, Northamptonshire ; Buxton, Alatlock, and Darley,’Derby-
shire; Herefordshire Beacon and Alalvern, Worcestershire; Ilaughmond
Hill, Shropshire ; Tenby, Pembrokeshire ; near Usk, Alonmouthsbire ;
Dolgelly and Llyn Bodlyn, Merionethshire ; Island of Anglesea ; near
Stokesley aud Kildale, Cleveland ; Croft Head, Westmoreland ; Holy
Island, Northumberland; near Asby, Cumberland. Swanston Wood,
near Edinbm-gh ; Appin, Argyleshire ; Killin and Ben Lawers, Perthshire
; Alontrose, Forfarshire ; Castleton of Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
Carrigaloe, co. Cork ; Dromorelaud, co. Clare.
Form exempta Er. fll. Lioh. Soand. (1871) p. 140.—Lacimæ
shorter, broader, imbricate, naked or very sparingly and shortly
eiliate : otherwise as above.—Parmelia tenella var. exempta Tayl. in
Alaok. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 147. Borrera tenella y. exemta Ach. Lioh.
Univ. (1810) p. 499.—As noticed by Taylor, I. c., his specimen was
referred by Borrer to P. erosa.
Seems to be merely a modification of the type, from which it is distinguished,
at least as a well-marked form, by the characters of the laciniæ.
Our only British specimen is sterile.
Hab. On the trunks of willows in upland situations.—Distr. Seen only
spariugly from S.AA’. Ireland.—B. M. ; Ballynegarde, co. Limerick.
14. P. aipolia Nyl. Flora, 1870, p. 38.—Thallus orbicular, stellari
appressed, multifido-laoiniate, whitish ; beneath concolorous with
greyish-brown rhizinæ ; laoiniæ somewhat plane, narrow, subcon-
tiguous, discrete, and with the apices crenulate a t the ciroumferenco
(K )y e llow , C aC l/). Apotheoia submoderate, somewhat convex,
brownish-blaok, oæsio-pruinose or naked, the thalline margin entire ;
spores 0, 0 1 6 -2 6 mm. long, 0,008-11 mm. thiok.—Cromb. Journ.
Bot. 1870, p. 07.— Lichen aipolius Aoh. Prodr. (1798) p. 1 12.
Physcia stellaris var. acrita Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 39. P. aipolia
form ctcrita Cromb. Jo u rn . Linn. Soc. Bot. xvii. p. 571. Liehen
stellaris Huds. F l. Angl. p. 448 (ex speoimiuo in Herb. Huds.).
Lichenoides cinereum, segmentis angustis stellatis, scutellis nigris
Dill. AIusc. 176, t. 23. f. 70, a , b .
Frequently not distinguished, even as a variety, from the preceding, to
which it is subsimilar.’ The planer, more divided laciniæ, which are
discrete at the circumference, and especially the positive reactioii of tho
medulla, well characterize it and raise it to its Acharian specific rank.
In its typical condition (a. acrita Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 477) the tliallus is
entirely smooth in a young state, but at length becomes slightly rugose
in the centre. I t is usually well fertile, the apothecia being chiefly
central.
Hab. Cn the trunks and branches of trees in cultivated tracts, often in
orchards, rarely on old pales, very rarely on calcareous walls, of maritime,
lowland, and upland districts.—Dfsfr. Bather local in S. and N. Eugland,
N. Wales, the S.AV., Central, and N. Highlands of Scotland, and m N.AV.
Ireland.—B. AI. ; Near Lewes, Sussex; Shanklin, Isle of W ight ; Hsham
Valley, Torquay, S. Devon ; Penzance, Oornwall ; Ilafod, Cardiganshire ;
Dolgelly, Alerionethshire ; near Kendal, Westmoreland. Appin, Argyleshire
: Killin and foot of Beu Lawers, Perthshire ; Castleton of Braemar,
Aberdeenshire; Applecross, Hoss-shire. Kylemore and Lough Inagh,
Oonnemara, co. Galway.
Var. p. anthelina Cromb. Grevillea, xv. (1887) p. 78.—Thallus
narrowly laciniate, beneath with black rhizinæ ; laoiniæ more discrete,
somewhat convex. Apotheoia suhmoderate, crowded or soat-
torod, a t len g th slightly conve.x, the thalline margin e n t i r e . -