spores oblongo-ellipsoid, 0 ,0 1 1 -1 8 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 7 -9 mm. tbiok ;
hymenial gelatine bluish, th en sordid with iodine.— Cromb. Lich.
Brit. p. 52 ; Leight. Lich. PI. p. 196, ed. 3, p. 180 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. v.
—Parmelia argopholis Wahl, in Ach. Meth. Suppl. (1803) p. 32.
Varies considerably in the colour of the thallus, which in the British
specimens is usually whitish, so th at these might be taken for
L. gangaleoides, but for the character of the thalline granules aud the
often crenate margin of the apothecia. These are numerous and crowded,
becoming somewhat angulose. The spermogones are frequent with the
usual arcuate spermatia of this subsection.
Hah. On rocks in Idlly and mountainous districts.—Distr. Apparently
local in S.W. and N. England, N. Wales, the S.W. Highlands and the
S. Grampians, Scotland, and N.W. Ireland.—B. M. ; Cleve Hill,
Somersetshire ; Trefriw, Carnarvonshire ; Pugh Crag, Westmoreland ;
Gunnerton Graggs, Novtlmmberland, Acbosragan Ilill, Appin, Argyleshire
; Craig Calliach and Ben Lawers, Perthshire. Near Letter Hill,
Connemara, co. Galway.
131. L. frustulosa Aoh. Lioh. Univ. (1810) p. 405; Nyl. Lich.
Soand. p. 166.—Tballus subdeterminate, thickish, verrueoso-areolate
or glebuloso-verruoose, whitish-yellow or wbite-sulphur-ooloured,
tb e glebules usually discrete, subradiatcly effigurate (K + yellowish,
CaCl—). Apotheoia small, sessile, plane or somewhat convex,
brownisb-black ; th e thalline margin thickish, entire or suborenulate,
a t length excluded; spores oblongo-ellipsoid, 0 ,0 1 0 -1 2 mm. long,
0,005-6 mm. thiok ; paraphyses coherent, brownish a t th e apices ;
hymenial gelatine bluish, then sordid with iodine.—Hook. Fl. Scot.
ii. p. 48 ; Sgi. Eng. F l. v. p. 189 : Mudd, Man. p. 145 ; Cromb. Lioh.
Brit. p. 52; Leigbt. Lich. Fl. p. 196, ed. 3, p. 379.— liin o iin a
fru stu lo sa Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 451. Lichen frustulosus Dicks.
Crypt, faso. iii. (1793) p. 13, t. 8. f. 10 ; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 19 ;
Eng. Bot. t. 2273.— B r it. Exs. : Leight. n. 293 ; Cromb. n. 165.
Sometimes regarded as a variety of the preceding, to which it is nearly
related, but is sufficiently distinguished by the characters given of the
thallus and apothecia, as also by the altitude at which it grows in this
country. I t is rather a fine plant, conspicuous by the colour of the
thallus amongst the darker cryptogamie vegetation with which it is
associated on the rocky ledges. At times it is well fertile, though the
apothecia are more or less scattered.
Hah. On mica-schist rocks in alpine situations.—Distr. Only, with
certainty, on two of the S. Grampians, Scotland; reported by Dickson
from Yorkshire, but this is extremely doubtful, and by Leighton erroneously
from the Island of Anglesea.—B. M. ; Summits of Craig
Calliach and Ben Lawers and above Loch-na-Gat, Ben Lawers, Perthshire.
132. L. chlorophæodes Nyl. Flora, 1873, p. 290.—Thallus
effuse, verrucoso-granulate, moderate, yellowish-glaucous, th e g ran ules
subdisporsed or conglomerate (K + yellow, K (CaCl) + orange-
red). Apotheoia moderate, somewhat plane or convex, reddish-brown
or testaceo-reddish, Ihe th allin e margin thiokish, crenate ; spores
ellipsoid, 0,0 0 9 -1 1 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 6 -8 mm. th io k ; paraphyses
moderate, granulato-inspersed, no t very discrete, epithecium brown-
isli ; hymenial gelatine bluish, then yellow (th e thecæ tawny-
yollow) with iodine.—Cromb. Jouru. Bot. 1874, p. 148 ; Leight.
Lioh. F l. ed. 3, p. 184.
More closely allied to L. suhventosa Nyl., a North-American plant,
than to any Britisli species of this section. In the two specimens seen
the thaUus is more or less scattered, with the liypotliallus scarcely visible.
The apothecia in these are either scattered or crowded ; the spermogones
are seldom present.
Hal. On granitic rocks in a maritime district.—Distr. Only sparingly
in the Channel Islands ; (erroneously recorded by Leighton from N.W.
Ireland).—B. M. : Vale Castle, Island of Guernsey.
e. Thecæ polyspored.
133. L. Sambuci Nyl. Lich. Soand. (1861) p. 168.—Thallus
effuse, very th in , granulose or suhleprose, whitish or greyish, often
nearly evanescent (K f+ yellowish, CaCl — ). Apothecia minute,
plane, brown or reddish-brown, th e thalline margin persistent, more
or less orenulate, w h ite ; spores 1 2 -1 6 -3 2 næ (rarely 8næ), ellipsoid,
0,0 0 8 -1 2 mm. loug, 0 ,0 0 5 -7 mm. thiok ; hymenial gelatine bluish,
th en pale-violet w ith iodine.—CarroU, Jo u ru . Bot. 1866, p. 2 3 ;
Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 53 ; Leigbt. Lioh. F l. p. 186, ed. 3, p. 171.
A rather inconspicuous plant resembling L. Hageni, from which it is
well distinguished by the numerous spores. These in the single British
specimen seen are usuaUy 12næ, though they vary in plants from other
countries from 8iiæ to 32næ in the same apothecium. The thaUus,
when whitish, gives a positive reaction with K, as stated by Th. M. Fries
(Lich. Scand. p. 248), but this is scarcely visible in our specimen, in
which the thallus is nearly evanescent.
Hab. On trunks of trees, c h i e f l y poplars, in upland tracts.—Distr. Very
sparingly among the S. Grampiaus, Scotland, and in N.E. Ireland (co.
Armagh.).—B. M. : Craig Calliach, Perthshire.
F . Apotheoia usually biato ro id ; spores 8næ or 16næ, simple or 1 -3 -
septate, colourless ; hymenial gelatine variously tinged with
iodine. Spermogones w ith simple sterigmata and arcuate
spermatia. (Leeania Mass. Alcun. Gen. (1853) p. 12.)
134. L. erysibe Nyl. Mém. Soc. Cberb. t. v. (1857) p. 114, Lich.
Scand. p. 167.—Thallus effuse, th in , diffract, leproso-granulose,
g re y ish -o r greenish-olive, or sordid-greyish (F —,C aC l —). Apotheoia
small, innato-sessile, plane or convex, hrownisb-red or livid-
testaceous, the th allin e margin little distinct or evanescent ; spores
oblongo-ellipsoid, simplo or often th in ly 1-septate, 0 ,0 1 0 -1 6 mm.
long, 0 ,0 0 4 -6 mm. thiok ; hymenial gelatine bluish with iodine.—
Cromb. Liob. Brit. p. 53 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 228, ed. 3, p. 218.—