Bot. t. 1282. Lichenoides tenue p id lum , fo liis utrinqae glabris Dill.
Muso. 225, t. 30. f. 129.—Drii. E x s . : Leight. n. 3 1 3 ; Aludd, n. 87 ;
Larb. Lich. I lb . n. 331.
A rather variable plant in its mauner of growth, whence different states
have been regarded by authors as more or less distinct varieties. In
nature, it is originally monophyUous, consisting of a single small peltate
leaf (form monojK/i//« Turn. & Borr. 4 e . ; Leight. //. ee.), which subsequently
becomes more or less lobed and polypliyllous. Sometimes the
lohes become deeply divided and lacerate at tlie margins (form lacera
Leight. Lich. Fl. p'. 15(5, iii. p. 141; Aludd, Alan. p. 110; Cromh. Enum.
p. 41). At other times the upper surface is occasionally iiiarhed by a few
undulating cracks with black interstices (form sulcata Turn. & Borv. I. c. ;
Leight. Lich. Fl. «. ec). Both of these, however, are but mere states,
aiui’ may be seen in tlie same specimen, so that tlioy are not entitled to
be regarded as distinct forms. The apothecia seem to be extremely rare
ill Great Britain.
Ilah. On rocks, boulders, and walls in upland and suhalpine districts.
—Distr. Genei’al and not uucommon in the mountainous regions of Great
Britain ; apparently rare in those of E. Ireland.—B. AI. ; Daitnioor,
Devonshire; near St. Clear, Cornwall; Ohariiwoqd Forest, Leicestershire
; Cader Idris, Cellfawr, near Barmouth, Alerionethshire ; Carnedd
Llewelyn, Carnarvonsliire; Ingleby and Bittersby Aloors, Cleveland,
A'orkshire; between Ilyshope and AVasterly, Durham; Kentmere, Westmoreland
; near AVallingtoii, Nortliumberlaiid. New Galloway, Kirkcudbriglitshire
; Ben Lomond, Stirlingshire; Ben l.awers, near Tummel
Bridge, and Craig-y-Barns, Dunkeld, Perthshire ; Sidlaw Hills, Clova
Alts., and Cortacliv, Forfarshire; Craig Coinnoch, Glen Callater, Alorrone,
and Lochnagar, Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Ben Nevis, Iiiveriiess-sliire.
Luggelaw, co. Wicklow.
Form 1. glabra Nyl. ex Stiz. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1870, p. 2 1 2 .—
Thallus larger, monophyUous, somowhat firm, slightly rugulose, the
margin undulate and unequally inoiso-lobed,— Gyroqfliora glabra
Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 476 ; Hook. F l. Scot. ii. p. 41. Lichen glaher
Ach. Prodr. (1798) p. 144 pro parte. Lichen anihracinus Dicks.
Crj'pt. faso. iii. p. 19 ; AVith. Nat. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 63.
Differs in the rather thicker, less smooth, and larger thallus (2-3 in.
broad), which is not polyphyllous, though more or less lobed at the circumference.
Elsewhere the normally brownish-hlack colour of the thallus
merges into greyish (leadeu-black), hut this is not visible iu our few
British specimens. AA’ith us it is always sterile.
Hab. On rocks and boulders in upland mountainous districts.—Distr.
Seen only sparingly among the Grampians, Scotland, and in E. Ireland;
no douht to be detected elsewhere.—B. AI.: Ben Lawers, Perthshire;
Loch Callater, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. Lough Bray, near Dublin.
Form 2. congregata Turn. & Borr. Lioh. Br. (1839) p. 214.—■
Thallus very small, th e lohes clustered and curled, with the margins
erect or reilexed, entire or lacerate.— Cromh. Grevillea xv. p. 79.—
Umhilicaria polyp h y lla form congregata Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 156,
ed. 3, p. 144. Umhilicaria varia a,.polyphylla b. congregata Leight.
Ann. Alag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xviii. p. 279.—B rit. E x s . : Leight.
ri. 65.
A small form with the thallus pulvinate, polypliyllous, and the lobes iiu-
nierous, congested, and variable at tlie margins. I t is connected with tlie
type by intermediate states, and is hut rarely seen iu its more characteristic
form. Apparently it never occurs in fruit.
Ilab. On rocks in upland mountainous tracts.—Distr. Found only (in
a typical state) in AA’. and N. England.—B. AI-; Arcoll Ilill, Caer Caradoc,
and'The AA’rekin, Shropshire; Ilowdeii Gill, Cleveland, Yorkshire.
9. G. flocculosa Turn. & Borr. L ich. Br. (1839) p. 217.—Thallus
monophyUous or polyphyllous, moderate or small, th in , opaque, subsmooth
or ohsoletely papuloso-uiiequal, often more or less squamulose,
reflexed a t the margins, olive-blaok or blackish-brown, black
fiu'furaoeo-floooose; beneath naked, subconeolorous, lacunose or im-
prosso-punctate ( K / , CaCl“ ^,^^^^). Apotheoia plane, th in ly m argined,
at length convex, immarginate, usually only slightly complicate;
spores sometimes slightly curved, 0,0 1 8 -2 7 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 7 -9 mm.
th ick .—Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 7 9 .— Gyrophora gyolyphylla /3. floc-
culosa Aludd, Alan. p. 116. Umhilicaria flocculosa Cromb. Lich.
Brit. p. 41 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. i>. 156, ed. 3, p. 144. Umhilicaria
varia p. flocculosa Leight. Ann. Alag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xviii. p. 280,
t. X . f . 4. Lichen fioccvlosus AA’ulf. in Jaoq. Coll. iii. (1789) p. 99,
t. i. f. 2. Gyrophora deusta (Linn.) Eng. Bot. t. 2 4 8 3 ; Hook. El.
Scot. ii. p. 42 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 218 ; Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 478.—
Brit. Exs. : Leight. n. 219.
Though generaUy regarded as a variety of the preceding, the different
characters of the thaUus and the larger spores render it as distinct a
species as most of the others in the genus. I t may at once he recognized
by the peculiar flocculose and usually more or less squamulose upper
surface of the thallus, wliich is sometimes paler in colour, lacunose
beneath (form hrotera, Ach. Aleth. p. 103), and occasionally in old plants
becomes subcribrose at the margins. The apothecia are extremely rare
in Great Britain, and are sparingly visible only in one or two specimens.
Hab. On roeks and walls in upland and subalpine districts.—Distr.
Kather local in W ., Central, and N. England, N. VVales, S. Scotland, and
among the Grampians; not seen from Ireland.—B. AJ.: Whitwick Rocks,
Leicestershire; Caer Caradoc, Shropshire; Cader Idris and Cellfawr,
near Barmoutli, Alerionethshire; Eglestone, Durham. New Galloway,
« '
Inverness-shire.
10. G. polyrrhiza Krb. Pa r. (1859) p. 41.—ThaUus monophyUous
or subpolyphyUous, small or nearly moderate, smooth, unequally
lobed, crenate and undulate a t th e m argins, greenish-copper-ooloured ;
beneath black, papilloso-granulose, reticulate, densely fibrilloso-
paimose ( K / j CaCl]|]redclish). Apothecia at first simple, orbicular or
lirellffiform, plane, immarginate, becoming at length convex and very
much gyroso-complicate ; spores 0 ,0 0 8 -1 1 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 4 -5 mm.
th ick .—Aludd, Alan. p. 119.— Umbilicaria polyrrhiza Cromb. Lich.
I lr :i