Siiermogones terminal, co nical; spermatia cylindrioal, somewhat
curved or straight.
Distinguished from Cladonia by tbe absence of a basal tballus*, and by
the podetia being naked, usually ascyphous, with the cortex not piil-
A-eraceo-fatiscent. The species are extremely social, some of them in
Arctic and Antarctic regions forming the most characteristic feature of
the vegetation, as also on the liiglier moorlands and mountains of more
temperate climes.
1. C. rangiferina Nyl. Not. Sallsk. pro F . e t Fl. Fenn. Fiirh.
n. s. V. (1866) p . 110.— Podetia very much branched, cylindrical,
somewhat slender, opaipie, subperforate a t th e axils, more or less ver-
ruouloso-scabrous, subtomentose, greyish or greyish-wbito ; branches
short, divaricate or subdoiiexcd, subseound, the apices nodding when
sterile, erect and subcorymbose when fertile (K + y ellow , C a C l- ) .
Apothecia small ; spores ohlongo-fusiform, 0,0 1 0 -1 5 mm Ion»-’
0.0035 mm. th ic k .-L e ig h t. Ann. Alag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, xviii!
p. 4 1 8 ; Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 22.— Cladina rangiferina Leight.
Lich. PL p. i4 , ed. 3, p. 67. Cladonia rangiferina Gray, N a t Arr
1. p. 4 1 5 ; Sm. Eng. El. v. p. 2 3 5 ; Aludd, Man. p. 58 ■ Brit, Clad!
p. 24. Cenomyce rangiferina Hook. El. Soot. ii. p. 6 5 ; Tayl. in
Mack. PL Jlib. ii. p. 78. Lichen rangiferinus Linn. Sp PI (1753)
p.^ 1 1 5 3 ; Huds. F l. Angl. p. 4 5 8 ; ‘Lightf. FL Soot. ii. p. 8 7 7 ;
W ith . A rr. ed. 3, H. p. p ; Eng. Bot. t. 173. Coralloides mon-
tamim fru tic u li specie ubique candieans Dill. Muse. 107, t, 16.
f. 29 A -D . Lichenoides tuhdosum ramosissimum, fruticuli specie
uhique candieans Dill. in . Ray, Syn. p. 66, n. 14.—Under this our
earlier, and some more recent, authors include also th e following
species.
This, with C.sylcatka, is the familiar “ Eeiiideer AIoss.” By the
separation of that species it is not so variable as it was formerly regarded.
1 he podetia are elongate, 3 - 0 in. and sometimes more iu length, densely
stipate, suhsmooth or gramiloso-miequal, more or less tomentose tricho"-
toinously branched, with the branches closer at the apices. In dry and
more exposed situations they occasionally become greyish-brown AATth
us the apotliecia are comparatively rare, but the spermogones are more
Irequent. r d
Hab ^ On the ground, usually in boggy places, on moorlands and
mountains from upland to subalpine regions.—Disfr. Not general nor
common in Great Britain, and not yet seen from Ireland.—B AI • Tre-
vello Cariie, near Penzance, Cornwall; Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire;
Delamere Forest, Cliesliire; Snowdon, Carnarvonsliire; the
Cheviots, hortliumberland. Glen Lochay, Ben Lawers, and Rannoch
Mooi, Perthshire Clova, For.arshire; Craig Coinnoch and Glen Callater
Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Rothiemurchus Forest, and Glen Nevis, Inver-’
ness-slure. ’
Form gigantea Nyl. e.v Lamy, Bull. Soo. Bot. F r. t. xxv. (1878)
p. 358.—Podetia more elongate, thickish, g ranuloso-unequal, whitish
* In Medd. Soc. pro F et FI. Fenn. xiv. p. 32. Dr. Wainio affirms that both
C. sylvatxca and C unciahs do very rarely occur with a basal thallus ; but this
certainly requires furtlier proof.
and partly greyish-brown, th e branches eroct at th e apices.—Cromb.
Grevillea, xi. p. 115.— Lkh sn giganteus Borv, Voy. iii. (1 8 0 3 )
p. 83.
Distingui.shed hy the longer (4-8 in.) and thicker podetia, and is connected
with the type by intermediate states. Of the few Jlritish specimens
only one i.s sparingly fertile.
Hah. Among mosses on subalpine heaths.—Distr. Found only once
and sparingly among the N. Graiiipians.—B AI.: Gleu Derrie, Braemar,
Aherdeenslnre.
T.C’I
: , ' fl
¡6
2. C. sylvatica Nyl. Not. Siillsk. qiro F . et IT. Fenn. Forh. n. s.
V. (1866) p. 176.— Podotia muoh branched, cylindrioal, slender,
opaque, subperforate a t the axils, glabrous, a t length vorruculoso-
scabrous, pale straw-coloured or whitish ; branches short, divaricate
or subdeflexed, the apices subseound, nodding when sterile, erect
and subcorymbose when fertile ( K - , K(CaCl)-|-yellow). Apothecia
and spores as in th e preceding species.—Leight. Ann. Alag. Nat.
H is t. ser. 3, xviii. p. 4 1 8 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 22.— Cladina
sylvatica Leight. Lioh. Fl. p. 72, ed. 3, p. 06. Cladonia rangiferina
fl. sylvatica Mudd, Afan. p. 59, Brit. Clad. p. 25. C. sylvatica
Hotfm. Deutsoh. Fl. ii. (1795) ji. 114. Coralloides fru tic u li specie
candieans, corniculis rufescentibus Dill. AIuso. 110, t. 19. f. 30 b.__
As already noticed, Lichen sylvaticus of Hudson and Lightfoot is
referable to Cladonia pungens.—B r it. E.vs.: Leight. n. 5 7 ; Aludd,
nos. 19, 20, Clad. nos. 57, 5 8 ; Larb. Lioh. Hb. nos. 2 4 2 ,2 4 3 ;
Bohl. n. 6.
Apart from the etoraentose podetia tliis differs but little in external
form and appearance from C. rangiferina, of which it has generally been
regarded only as a variety with somewhat uncertain characters. By the
aid of the chemical reactions, however, we are now able to distinguish it
in all its different states, aud to assign to it its proper specific value. In
this country it is comparatively rare in a fertile condition.
Hah. On the ground in forests, on moorlands and mountains from
lowland to alpine regions.—Distr. General and frequent throughout
Great Britain and no doubt also Ireland ; rare in the Channel Islands;
often constituting in otherwise sterile tracts the greater part of the
vegetation.—B. AI.; Quenvais, Island of Jersey. North AA’ootton Common,
Norfolk; Ejiping Forest, Essex; Shanklin Downs, Isle of AVight; New
Forest, Hants; Dartmoor, Devonshire; Tregarvn, Cornwall; Farnham
Royal Common, Bucks ; Nettleliead AA’ood, Oxfordshire ; Charnwood
Forest, Leicestershire ; AA’yre Forest, Worcestershire ; Ilaughmond Hill,
Shropshire ; Barmouth aud Rhewgreidden, Alerionethshire; Ayton and
Kildale Moors, Cleveland, ATorkshire : AATndermere, Ytestmoreland ; the
Cheviots and AA’est Allen Carrs, Northumberland. New Galloway
Kirkcudbriglitshire; Pentland Hills near Edinburgh ; Ben Cruaoliaii’
Argyleshire; Ben Lawers, Kinuoiil Ilill and Aloncrieffe Hill, uear Perth!
and Rannoch Aloor, Perthshire; Sidlaw Hills, Forfarshire ; Countesswells
AVood, near Aberdeen, Alar Forest and Ben-naboord, Braemar, Aberdeenshire
; Rothiemurchus and Ben Nevis, Inverness-sbire; Lairg, Sutlier-
landsliire; Applecross, Ross-sbire. Connemara, co. Galway''; Arklow
CO. AATcklow. ’