0 ,0 3 5 -6 3 mm. long, 0 ,0 1 8 -2 5 mm. thick.—Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 38 ;
Leight. Lieh. IT. p. 149, od, 3, p. 138.—Borrera leucomela Cray,
N at. Arr. i. p. 434 ; Sm. Eng. El. v. p. 223 ; Mudd, Man. p. 104.
Lichen leucomelas Liun. Sp. PI. ed. 3 (1764) p. 1613 ; Eng. Bot.
t. 2548. Lichenoides angustifolium pda.num, crinihus nigris Dill.
Muse. 156, t. 2. f. 50.—B r it. E.vs. : Leight. n. 166 ; Larb. Cæsar.
n. GO ; Cromb. n. 150.
Closely allied to P. ciliaris, but well distinguished by the simpler
wliiter laciuiæ and by tlie constantly dentate-coronate margin of the
apotbecia, The marginal cilia, which are usually short in our specimens,
are generally blackish or partly brownish, according to exposure. The
apothecia do not occur iu this country, and the spermogones, which are
similar to those of the preceding, are but rarely present.
Hab. On the ground among mosses and sliort grass, rarely on mossy
trunks of trees, in maritime districts.—Histr. Couiined to the Cliaunel
Islands and S. coasts of England and Ireland.—B. AI. : Quenvais and St.
Owen’s Bay, Island of Jersey ; Islauds of Sark and Alderney. St. Leonard’s
Forest, Sussex ; Bahbicombe and Bolt Head, S, Devon ; The Lizard and
Ivvnance Cove, Cornwall ; Bryer and Trescoe Islands, Scilly. Ballycottoii
aud Cape Clear Island, co. Cork.
9. P. speciosa Nyl. Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. sér. 3, i. (1856) p. 307.
—Thallus appressed, stellato-laciniate, cæsio- or greyish-white,
greeiiisli-white when wet ; beneath whitish, with whitish or sordid-
whitish fibrillose rhizinæ ; laoiniæ narrow, multifid, plane subimbri-
cate, with whitish or sordid marginal cilia, the apices dilated, obtuse,
usually somewhat ascending and sorediiferous (K]j[yollow, C aC l/) .
Apotheoia sessile, moderate, brown, th e margin incurved, ontiro or a t
length orenulate ; spores 8iiæ, oblong, 1-septate, colourless, 0 ,0 2 5 -
36 mm. long, 0,0 1 2 -1 0 mm. thiok.—Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 38 ;
Leight. Lioh. Fl. p. 151, ed. 3, p. 138.—Borrera sjieciosa Aludd, Alan,
p. 107. Parmelia speciosa Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 442 ; Hook. F l. Soot,
ii. p. 55 ; Sm. Eng. F l. v. p. 201 ; Tayl. in Alack. F1-. Hib. ii. p. 149
pro parto. Liehen sjoeciosus Wulf. in Jaoq. Coll. iii. (1789) p. 110 ;
Eng. Bot. t. 1979 (upper fig.).
Aluscicolous states, iu w hich the tliallus is more diffuse and the laciniæ
narrower and more discrete, have somewhat the appearance of P. leuco-
mela, wliile corticolous and saxioolous states, in which they are closer and
more imbricate, are somewhat similar to P. aipioUa. W’ith us it never
occurs in a typical condition, but only sorediiferous, as elsewhere iu
Europe. Iu the more imbricate states the marginal cilia are but very
sparingly present or entirely absent ; and when growing in more e.xposed
situations these, as well as the rhizinæ, become blackish. Specimens
with the latter cliaracter are referred by Leighton (Lich. Fl. iii. p. 139)
to var. hijjwleuca (Ach.). The apothecia have not been detected in Great
Britain; hut the spermogones occasioually occur in S.W’. England.
Hab. On rao.sses, rocks, and trees, chiefly in maritime districts.—Distr.
Local and scarce in the Channel Islands, in S. and A\’. England, the W’.
Highlands of Scotlaud, and in S.W’. and N.E. Ireland.—15. AI. : Rozel,
Island of Jersey ; Islands of Alderney and Guernsey. St. Leonard’s
Eorest, Sussex; Bolt Head, Devonshire; The Lizard, Kynance Cove
and Roughton, Cornwall ; Barmouth, Cwm Byclian, and Llyn Bodlyn,
Alerionethshire. Barcaldine and Eallachulish, Argyleshire ; Glen Falloch,
Perthshire. Dunkerron and Killarney, co. Kerry.
A’ar. p . hypoleuca Nyl. Syn. i. (1860) p. 417.—Thallus usually
firmer, with th e laoiniæ more closely imbricate ; beneath white,
here and th ere hispid with hlaok rhizinæ, th e marginal cilia black.
Apotheoia with the margin of th e receptacle crenate or radiato-
fiinbriate.—Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 78.—Parmelia speciosa var.
hypoleuca Ach. Syn. (1814) p. 211. Parmelia speciosa Tayl. I. c.
pro p a rte . Lichen speciosus Eng. Bot. t. 1979 (lower figs.).
A l l exotic variety which finds its way to S.AA’. Ireland. The thallus
in our British specimens is more sorediate than in the type ; and the
inargin of the apothecia, which are somewhat large and crowded, is
thickish, crenate, and densely pulverulent.
Hah. On rocks in shady upland situations.—Distr. Extremely local
and rare in S.AA’. Ireland.—B. AI. ; Dunkerron, co. Kerry.
10. P. pulverulenta Nyl. Act. Soo. Linn. Bord. sér. 3, i. (1856)
p. 308.—Thallus suborbicuiar, somewhat firm, substellato-appressed,
opaque, multifido-laoiniate, pale-greyish or greyish-brown, more or
less white-pruinose ; beneath rough w ith dense blackish fibrillose
rh iz inæ ; laoiniæ plane, obtuse and orenato-inoised a t the apices
( K / , C aC l/) . Apothecia sessile, large, concave or plane, b rownish-
black, oæsio-pruinose or naked, th e margin thiok, inflexed, entire,
pruinose; spores oblong, 0,020—36 mm. long, 0,012—20 mm. thiok.
— Cromh. Lioh. Brit. p. 38 ; Leight. Lich. El. p. 146, ed. 3, p. 135.
.—Borrera pulverulenta Aludd, Alan. p. 110. Parmelia pulverulenta
Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 443 ; Hook. El. Soot. ii. p. 55 ; Sm. Eng. Fl.
V. p. 201 : Tayl. in Alack. F l. Hib. ii. p. 141. Lichenpulverulentus
Sohreh. Spio. (1771) p. 128. Lichen stellaris p. Huds. F l. Angl.
p. 448 ; AA’ith. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 31. Lichenoides glaucum orbiculare,
segmentis latiuseulis, scutellis nigris Dill. Muse. 177, t. 24. f. 71 A
pro parte. Lichenoides arboreum, crusta foliosa vireseenti, tenuiter et
eleganter dissecta, scutellis nigris Dill, in E ay Syn. ed. 3, p. 74, n. 73
pro parte.—B r it. Exs. ; Leight. n. 49 ; Aludd, n. 82 ; Larb. Lioh.
Hb. n. 1 0 ; Bohl. n. 69.
This may generally be recognized by the pruina, with which, when
growing and in a dry state, it is more or less covered. As noticed, however,
by Acharius (Lich. Univ. p. 474), when wetted the pruina disappears
both in the thallms and apothecia, the former being then greenish and the
latter black; but when again dried the pruina returns in botli.^ The
colour in a dry state varies in recent specimens from pale greyish to
greyish brown, and, as observed hy Lightfoot (1. c. p. 825), specimens
after being kept for some years in paper (or in herbaria) turn to a russet-
grey (or cervine). In other respects the thallus and apothecia vary considerably
in character, giving rise to the subspecies, forms, and varieties
v.-hicli follow. The apothecia are generally somewhat scattered, though