38 COLLEWACW. [ s y n a l i s s a .
2. s. in tr i c a t a Nyl. Flora, 1883, p. 5 34.—Thallus effuse, fru ticulose,
radiate, laoiniato-multifid, pitch-black, laoini® rounded,
intric ate, narrow, somewhat obtuse or slightly nodulose a t the
apices : apothecia n o t seen.—Cromb. Jo u rn . Bot. 1885, p. 196.—
Omphalaria intricata Arn. Flora, 1809, p. 254.
This peculiar plant was referred by Nylander to Nematonostoc (Flora,
188.3, p. 104); he afterwards placed it in this genus with which it agrees
iu the character of the spermogones. A t the same time the gonimia
are hormogonimia and not speirogonimia, and so it may be a distinct
genus, which Nylander proposes to term Synalissina. I t may readily he
liiiown by the radiate thallus, giving it the aspect of a Ptcryyium. The
apothecia have not been discovered, but the spermogones in the British
specimens are not uncommon.
Hah. On moist granitic rocks in upland hilly districts.—Distr. Extremely
local and rare, having been gathered only in S. Scotland.—B. M.:
Black Craig, New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire.
m
13. SCHIZOMA Nyl. ex Cromb. Grevillea, v. (1877) p. 108 (note).
—Thallus linonri-laciniate, in ternally a t length
composed of a firm gelatine, through which ru n
th in , short, frequent tubules variously arranged,
b u t chiefiy longitudinally ; gonimia nearly moderate,
in subrotund colls, situated chiefly
un d e r e ith e r surface, b u t also sparingly seen
smaller aud scattered. Apothecia unknown.
Spermogones innate, or indicated externally by
a somewhat prominent th allin e ostiole ; sterigm
a ta su h sim p le ; spermatia minute, pistillari-
bacillar. (Nyl. in litt.)
This approaches in the structure of the tliallus to
Collemodium, from which it differ,? in the tenuity
of the tubules iu the nearly obliterated cavity.
This character and th at of the spermogones entitle
it to rank as a distinct genus ; though only
the discovery of the apothecia would definitely
determine its place in the family, which is probably
between Omphalaria and Collema. The
gonimia are with difficulty expelled from the cells
so as to he seen free.
f K
Fig. 9.
Schizoma lichiiiodeum
Nyl.—a. Section of
thallus, X 200. h.
Sterigmata. c. Spermatia.
1. S. lichinodeum Nyl. ex Cromb. Grevillea, v. p. 108, note.—
ThaUus small, loosely adnate, lineari-laoiniose, brownish-hlack,
laciniie plane or subcaualiculate, ligulato, simple or more frequently
2 -3-divided, obtuse a t th e apices, naked, or sometimes sprinkled
w ith concolorous isidiose globules. Apothecia n o t y e t seen.—
Collema lichiiwdeum Nyl. Flora, 1869, p. 2 9 3 ; Carroll, Jo u rn . Bot.
iii. p. 2 8 7 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 3 ; Leight. Lich. F l. p. 18, ed. 3,
p. 1 5 ; Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1874, p. 332.
The thallus is normally orbicular, with the lacinise slightly suberect
SCmZOMA.] 39
towards the extremities. In Journ. Bot. 1874,1, c., it was observed that
this species probably constituted a separate genus, though, as neither form
of fructification was then known, it might be retained as an anomalous
section of Collema. I have since detected the spermogones in Great
Britain, and I hope the apothecia may be also discovered. The description
of the thallus of Collema radiatum Somm. (possibly an Omphalaria)
and its habitat given by Sommerfelt, Lapp. p. 121, as well as the
account of its internal structure and of the spermogones given by Fr. fil.,
IJch. Arct. p. 288, do not a t all correspond with our p lan t; the two cannot
he identical. On the thallus is rarely seen a parasitic fungus, viz.
Splueria schizomatis Cromh., which must not he mistaken for the apothecia.
Hah. On decayed mosses and the ground in crevices of rocks in alpine
places.—Distr. Extremely local, being confined apparently to one or two
of the S. Grampians, Scotland.—B.M.; Ben Lawers and Craig Calliach,
Perthshire.
14. COLLEMA Wigg. Prim. Fl. Hols. (1780) p. 8 9 ; Nyl.
Mém. Soc. So. Nat. Cherb. iii. (1855) p. 164.—Thallus usuaUy
orbicular or suborbicular, membranaceo-lobed, very ra rely sqnamu-
lose or granulose ; gonimia moniliform, cortical layer no t discrete.
Apothecia lecanorine ; spores 8n®, simple or generally multilo-
cular, colourless ; hymenial gelatine usuaUy bluish, rarely wine-red
with iodine. Spermogones more or less immersed, sterigmata
shortly articulate, ra re ly sim p le ; spermatia stra ig h t, obtusely in crassate
a t e ith e r apex.
As now limited, this genus is more compact than formerly, though it
still includes several species, diverse in thallus and fructification, as
will be seen from the foUewing sections. These differences, however,
are not of sufficient importance to warrant its division into several genera.
In various species a thin section of the thallus, when dry, becomes
reddish or blood-red with iodine, in consequence, as Nylander observes,
of the gonimia being so coloured. In the species in which the spermogones
have been detected, except iu those belonging to Section A, the
spermatia are identical in size, viz. 0,0035-0,0040 mm. long, 0,0007 mm.
thick, or vary so slightly th at the difference is scarcely perceptible. There
is every reason to believe that some Nostocs are undeveloped states of
different species of this and perhaps also of the following genus.
A. LEMPHOLEMMA (Koerb.
Syst. Lioh. (1855) p. 400).
—ThaUus th innish, difform
; gonimic granules
moniliform. Apothecia
innate ; spores simple ;
spermogones w ith simple
sterigmata.
a. Hymemal gelatine wine-red
w ith iodine.
I . C. c h a la z an um Ach. Lich.
Univ. ( I 8 I 0 ) p. 630.—ThaUus
pulvinate, th innish, difformi-
lobate or laciniate, orenulato-
Pig. 10.
Collema myriococcum Aeh.—a. Section
of an apothecium, X 30. h. Two
thecæ and a paraphysis, X 350. c. Two
spores, X 500. d, Sterigmata, and
e, spermatia, X 500.
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