hj-menial gelatine bluish, then tawny-wine-coloured or violet with
iodine.—Carroll, Journ. Bot. 18(57, p. 255 ; Cromh. Grevillea, xviii.
p. 68; Lich. Brit. p. 51, pro p a rte ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 207, ed. 3,
p. l i ) l .—Lichen umhriims Eh rh . Crypt. (1703) n. 245.
Easily recognized iu this subsection by the colour of the apothecia.
The thallus, which is usually indeterminate, varies somewhat in thickness
according to tlie habitat. Barely it is more or less scattered over the
substratum and little developed' (olive-browiiish hypotballine), when it
is forma subdistans Nyl. ex Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1870, p. 97. The apothecia
are at times subbiatorine. The spermogones have the spermatia
semicircular, 0,015-22 mm. long, 0,0006 mm. thick.
Ilab. On rocks, occasionally on old pales, rarely on the ground in
maritime and upland districts.—Distr. Only here and there in Great
Britain, Ireland, and the Channel Islands.—B. M. ; La Moye, Island of
Jersey. Lamorna Cliff, Penzauce. Cornwall; Lydd, K e n t; Aberdovey,
Merionethshire; Ayton, Clevelaud, Yorkshire. Barcaldine, Argyleshire;
Blair Athole, Perthshire; Portlethen and Bay of Nigg, Kincardineshire.
Cliffs of Moher, co. Clare; Killery Bay, Connemara, co. Galway.
104. L. creuulata Nyl. Not. Sallsk. pro F. et F l. Fenn. Forh.
n. a.v. (1 8 66)p. 181 ; Flora, 1 8 7 2 ,p. 250.— Thallus effuse, very th in ,
often soaroely visible, greyish-white (K —, CaCl—). Apothecia
small, scattered, brownish-grey, a t times cæsio-suffused ; th e th a lline
margin whitish, deeply' orenulate ; paraphyses thickish, jointed,
brownish a t the apices; spores 0,0 1 0 -1 6 mm, long, 0,(105-7 mm.
thiok ; hymenial gelatine bluish, then wine-coloured with iodine__
Sm. Eng. F l. v. p. 190 pro p a rte .—L. umbrina subsp. crenulata
Cromb. Grevillea, xii. p. 59, form crenulata Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 51,
Leight. Lioh. Fl. p. 207, ed. 3, p. 191. L . albella S. crenulata
Mudd, Man. p. 148. Lichen crenulatus Dicks. Crypt, faso. iii.
(1793) p. 14, t. 9. f. 1 ; Eng. Bot. t. 9 3 0 ; W ith . Arr. ed. 3, iv.
p. 17. According to a specimen from his own Herb, this is also
L . galactina ¡3. disperso-areolata (non Schaer), Mudd, Man. p. 149.
.—B r it. Evs. : Larb. Lioh. H b . n. 258.
Frequently confounded w'itb subsp. dispersa of L. (jalactina, but distinct
in the character of the paraphyses and in tho smaller spores, as pointed
out by Nylander, who first definitely discriminated between them. From
the preceding species it is distinguished by the tessellato-crenate margin
of the apothecia,—the crenulations being deeply divided and separated
by a furrow, though in abraded specimens this character is scarcely
apparent. I t differs also from it in the size of the spermatia, which (fide
Nyl. in litt.) are 0,011-15 mm. long, 0,0005 mm. thick.
Hab. On calcareous, rarely sandstone, rocks in maritime and upland
situations.—Distr. Seen only from a few localities in S.W. and N. England,
the Grampians, Scotland, and N.W. Ireland.—B. M. : AA'atcombe Bay,
S. Devon ; Alfrick, Worce.stershire ; near Ayton and Carlton Bank,
Cleveland, Y'orkshire ; Fglestone, Durham ; Lamplugh, Cumherland ;
Teesdale, Durham. Craig Tulloch, Blair Athole, Perthshire ; Craig
Guie, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. Oughterarde, co. Galway.
L E C A N O -L E C ID E E I . 425
105. L. Zosteræ Nyl. Flora, 1876, p. 577.—Thallus effuse, very
th in , glaucous-grey, subevanescent (K —, CaCl — ). Apotheoia
minute, plane, scattered or aggregate, reddish-brown, naked or
slightly pruinose ; th e th allin e margin th in , entire or suborenate,
white-pulverulent : spores 0 ,0 1 1 -1 4mm. long, 0 ,0 0 6 -7 mm. th ic k ;
paraphyses very slender, discrete ; hymenial gelatine persistently
bluish with w àm o .—Lecanora umhrina subsp. Zosteræ Nyl., Cromb.
Journ. Bot. 1874, p. 1 4 8 ; t'orma Zosteræ Le ig h t. Lioh. Fl. ed. 3,
p. 191.— Lecanora subfusca var. y. Zosteræ Ach. Syn. (1814) p. 158.
Allied to L. umbrina, but differs in the pulverulent thalline margin of
the smaller ajiotliecia, tlie size of the spores, the slender paraphyses, and
tlie reaction of the liymenial gelatine. I t may be recognized from its
peculiar place of growth, though Nylander (Flora, I. c.) says that
L. Hugeni also occurs zostericolous in jersey.
Hab. On old leaves of Zostera marina in maritime districts. Distr.
Sparingly in the Channel Islands, S.W. England, and S.AA'. Ireland.—
B. M. : La Moye, Island of Jersey; The Eperquerie, Island of Sark;
Moulin Huet Bay, Guernsey. Pentire and the Lizard, Cornwall. Kilkee,
CO. Clare.
106. L. H ag en i Aoh. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 367 (excl. vars.) ; Nyl.
Flora, 1872, p. 250.—Thallus effuse, very thin, leproso-verruoulose,
greyish-white, often nearly obsolete (K —, CaCl—). Apotheoia
small, plane or a t length convex, pale- or dark-brown, naked or
cæsio-suffused ; the thalline margin th in , subpersistent, orenulate or
subentire, white ; spores 0,0 0 9 -1 1 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 5 -6 mm. th io k ;
paraphyses thickish, jointed, brownish a t th e apices ; hymenial
gelatine bluish, th en sordid wine-coloured w ith iodiue.—Leight.
Lioh. F l. p. 208, ed. 3, p. 192.—L. umbrina var. Hageni Cromb.
Lioh. Brit. p. 51. X. albella y. Hageni Mudd, Man. p. 148.
Lichen Hageni, Aoh. Prodr. (1798) p. 57.— B r it. Exs. : Larb. Lioh.
Hb. nos. 131, 219.
A plant not rightly discriminated by most authors from X. umbrina.
Among other marks of distinction, however, as well as iu general aspect,
it at once differs from this in the shorter spermatia, as pointed out hy
Nylander, I. c. These he gives in litt. as being 0,011-15 mm. long,
0,0006 mm. thick. The thaUus frequeutly spreads extensively, and is
occasionally scarcely visible from the numerous crowded apothecia. These
at times become convex with the thalline margin excluded.
Hab. On trunks (usually decorticated) of trees, old pales, very rarely
ou schistose rocks, from maritime to upland tracts.—Disir. Not uncommon
in England, rare in Scotland, Ireland, and the Channel Islands ; not seen
from Wales.—B. M. ; St. Auhin’s Bay, Island of Jersey. Lyndhurst, New
Forest, Hants; near Hyde, Isle of Wight ; AVellow, near Bath, Somerset ;
Windsor Great Park, Berks; Brandon, Suffolk; AA'impole Park, Cambridgeshire;
Aytou, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Ennerdale, Cumberland.
Inverary, Argyleshire; Achmore, Killin, Perthshire; Portlethen, Kincardineshire
(saxicolous). Castlemartyr, co. Cork; Ballynagarde, co.
Limerick.