j o r e s 4-8n80, oblong or ellipsoid, septate and murali-divided, at
first colourless, tben dark ; paraphyses slender ; hymenial gelatiue
soaroely tinged or tawny with iodine. Spermogones witb somew
h a t branched sterigmata and cylindrical spermatia.
A small but well-marked genus, whose systematic place has been
variously viewed hy authors. Evidently, however, it is in this subtribe
as now dehmtely fixed by Nylander. From Thelotrema, to which it is
subsiinilar in the structure of the apothecia, it differs chiefly in the
green gomdia of the thallns and in the form of the steri»mata
X- 2 5 0
TT , ■
“ d " paraphysis, X 2.50.
Xf)0(7 f ’ • Sterigmata and spermatia of subsp, U. bryophila,
r r n l i Aob. Metb. (1803) p. 1 4 7 ; Lich. Univ. p. 3 3 8 .—
Ih a llu s determinate, tartareo-farinose, verrucoso-rugose, continuous
or^areolatc-diffraot, greyisb or g rey isb-wbite (K —, CaCl + red,
d -h blue)’ Apotheoia moderate, black or blackisb, usually o»sio-
pruiiiose, th e proper margin connivent, greyish-black, tbe thalline
margin thick, rugoso or slightly crenulate on th e in n e r side •
mnriform, eUipsoideo-oblong, 0 ,0 2 6 -3 8 mm. Ion»’
0 J 1 2 - 1 5 mm. th ic k ; paraphyses brown a t th e apices.— Mudd’
P-, ; Leight. Lioh. FI. p. 234, ed. 3, p. 239 ; Tayl. ir!
Miaok Fl. Hib. 11. p. 132 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 172 ; Gray, Nat. Arr.
1. p. 4 59.—Lecanora scruposa Cromb. Licb. Brit. p. 58 Lichen
scruposus Linu. Mant. ii. (1771) p. 131 ; Eng. Bot. t. 26(3 • With
A rr ed. 3, ly. p. 1 9 ; Dicks. Crypt, faso. i. p. 11. Lichenoides
crustacemi et leprosum, seutellis nigricantihus majorihus et minoribus
Z - *'• 0® M B r i t . E x s .: Leight. nos. 54,
379 ; Mudd, n. 137 ; Cromb. ii. 7 5 ; Larb. Lioh. Hb. n. 136.
An easily recognized species which can scarcely be confounded with
any other lichen. In jm e habitats it spreads rather extensively, while
it vanes in the thickness of the thallus. The apothecia are also
vanable in j z e , from punctiform becoming moderate or somewhat lar»e
and are either somewhat scattered or at times crowded. Tbe spernio?
gones are not uncommon, with spermatia 0,005-G mm. long, 0,001 iiiin
s u h Z Z V Z l ""d walls very rarely on old wood, from maritime to
subalpine districts General and common in Great Britain • anparently
rare in the Chaunel Islands and in Ireland, thouo-h plentiful
where it occurs.-B. M .: Island of Guernsey. Livermere, S .X lk
Maltbamstow, Essex; Kew Gardens, Surrey; Barton Mills, Sussex?
C o r Z T r R ’+! Mstleigb, S. Devon; near Padstow!
CornwdU; Bathampton Downs, Somerset; Ampthill, Bedfordshire-
Tro? Pfriq Cambridgeshire; near Buxton, Derby-
T th sb ira 0 V r i ’ ’^dris and Barmouth, M eri^
tt; 1’ r T ® r i " ’ Gswestry, Gruishill, near Shrewsbury,
H r» t ' ’ Bridgenorth, Shropshire; Lounsdale, Cleveland, York?
r i ’i ri A?’ Lurham; Staveley, Westmoreland; Chesters, Noi-th-
umberlaud ; Alston, pumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire ;
K m g sP a rk and Craig Lockhart, Edinburgh; West Water, Fifeshire
D S l T ' ¥ ®ri ? • ’ Ben Vrackie and nea?
Dunkeld’ Perthshire; Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeeushire; near Fort
\\ Ilham, Inverness-shire. KilcuUy, co. Cork; Loughcooter, co. Galway.
Iform p lum b e a Aoh. Metb. (1803) p. 1 4 7 .-T h a llu s greyish-
leaden coloured. Apothecia usually small and naked ; otherwise as
in the type.
Characterized cbiefly by tbe darker tballus, which is probably owing
to the nature of the substratum.
Hab. Ou calcareous and cretaceous soil in maritime and upland
situations.--Diste- Ap j r e u t ly local and scarce in S. and Central Eng-
""d frie S.\V Higlilands of Scotland.—B. M ..- Near Hoathly,
Sussex , Buxton, Derbyshire. Island of Lismore, Argyleshire.
Subsp. U. b ry o p h ila Nyl. «.r Norrl. Medd. Sallsk. pro F . et Fl.
l e n u . 1. (1876) p. 27.—Thallus th in n e r, smoother, or less rugose
greyish-white or whitish, often obsolete or scarcely visible. Apothecia
smaller, tb e thalline margin subevanescent; otherwise as in
r - 7 ¥ r® ‘7 ! ¿ “ 0' !4reviliea, xix. p. 60.— U. scruposa var. 6i-™-
p h ila Mndd, Man. p. 1 6 5 ; Cromb. Licb. Brit. p. 5 0 ; forma, Leight.
n l a r iv ori'o ®d- 3, p. 240. Lichen bryophilus E b rb . E xs.
(1785) n. 266.— B n t. E x s .: Leight. nos. 359, 3 6 0 ; Larb. Licb. Hb
nos. 63, 221.
A go J subspecies distinguished by the characters given. The thallus
which IS usually somewhat effuse, is at times somewhat dealbate and
subpulverulent, when it is var. ft. dealhata Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 341 I t
otteii grows upon the folioles and the podetia of forms of Cladonia
]ry.xidata either as a parasite or with scanty traces of a proper thallus
aud It 18 then Lecanora scruposa ft. parasitica Somm. Suppl. Fl. Lap
p. 100 pro parte, form ecrustacea Nyl. Oromb. Grevillea, xix. p. GO. This
condition, however, is scarcely entitled to rank even as a form.
Hab. Overspreading mosses and ou Cladonia pyxidata in maritime
and uplaud tr to s .—Disfr. Not uncommon in Great Britaiu and Ireland;
w “ x ? " "d /,-T L - -M. : Quenvais, Island of Jersev.
Ihetfoid Warren, Norfolk; Eppiug Forest, Essex; near Torquay and
on Lustleigh Cle j e , S. Devon; St. Minver and Penzance, Coruwall;
lem b u iy la rk , Cirencester, Gloucesrershire; Matlock, Derbyshire;
Dolgelly and Barmouth, Merioneth; High Hock, Bridgenorth, 'Shrop?
shire ; Lanbraugh, Cleveland, A'orkshire ; Eglestone, Durham. Island
ot Lismore and Appm, Argyleshire; Gleu Lochay, Killin, Ben Lawers,