T
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r 1
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Ilab. On trunks and branches of trees in wooded upland tracts.—Bistr.
A’ery sparingly in S. England, N. AVales, and S. Ireland,—B. M. : St.
Leonard’s Eorest, Sussex ; near Rusthall Common, Kent ; Quarn AVood,
Isle of Wight; New Forest, Han ts; East Lulworth, Dorsetshire; Ivy
Bridge, S. Devon ; Island of Anglesea. Castlemartyr, co. Cork.
Porm a sp e rg illa Cromb. Grovillea, xix. (1891) p. 59.—F e rtile
verruoæ scattered, elevated, scarcely margined, white-pulverulent ;
otherwise as in the type.— Variolaria aspergilla ’Turn. & Borr. Lich.
Br. p. 67 ; Sm. Eug. El. v. p. 1 7 0 ; Eng. Bot. t. 2401 ; ’Layl. in
Maok. El. Hib. ii. p. 112. V. communis var. y. aspergilla Gray,
Nat. A rr. i. p. 491. Lichen aspergillus Aoh. Prodr. (1798) p. 28 ?
Differs in the character of the verrucæ ; while in the British specimens
seen the thallus is also thinner. Our plant, which is that of Turner and
Borrer pro maxima parte, may be different from that of Acharius aud
other authors, who speak of it as only saxicolous.
Ilab. On trunks of trees and pales in upland situations.—Bistr. Only a
few localities in S. and Ceutral England.—B. M. : Ickworth, Suffolk ;
Sevenoaks, Kent; St. Leonard’s Eorest, Su.ssex; Shiere, Surrey; New
Forest, Hants ; Gopsall Park, Leicestershire ; Hay Park, Herefordshire.
11. P. re d u c ta Stirt. Scottish Naturalist, iv. (1877) p. 28.__
Thallus thin, rimuloso-areolate,greyish or greyish-brown (K + yellow,
then deep red). Apothecia sessile, lecanorine, inclosed in mono-
carpous thalline verrucæ, brown or reddish-brown, cæsio-pruinose ;
spores 0 ,0 0 -1 4 mm. loug, 0 ,0 3 -0 4 mm. thick.—Leight. Lioh. Fl.
ed. 3, p. 229.
The author says I. c. th at it is “ closely allied to P. multipuncta ; ” hut
from this it is widely separated by the type of the apothecia and the
thalline reaction. I have seen no specimen.
Ilab. On trees in a mountainous region.—Bistr. Local and rare in the
S.AA’. Highlands of Scotland (Ben Brecht, Argyleshire).
12. P. la c te a Njd. Elora, 1881, p. 5 3 9 .—Thallus determinate,
smooth, rimoso-areolate, subeffigurate a t the circumference, greyish
or whitish (K —, CaCi-I-reddish). Apotheoia leoanorine, small,
scattered, white, suhleprose above, th e thalline margin irreg u lar ;
spores 0,0 1 8 0 -2 0 5 mm. long, 0 ,0 6 3 -7 0 mra. thiok.—Cromb.” Gre?
villea, xix . p. 5 9 .— Variolaria lactea Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 4 9 2 ;
Hook. Fl. Soot. ii. p. 46 ; ’lu r n . & Borr. Lioh. Br. p. 62 ; Sm. E n g ’.
El. V. p. 170 ; Tay . in Maok. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 113. Pertusaria lae-
tescens ft. lactea Mudd, Man. p. 272. Lichen lacteus Linu. Mant.
(1767) p. 132 ; Huds. Fl. Angl. ed. 2, p. 526 ; AVith. Arr. ed. 3, iv.
p. 5 ; En g . Bot. t. 2410.
A plant whose systematic place was doubtful till the recent discovery
of the fructitication, which renders it a very well-marked species. The
thallus, though orbicular, usually spreads very extensively over the substratum,
varying somewhat iri thickness, the sterile verrucæ being at
times numerous and subconfluent in the areolæ. AA'ith us it is very
rarely fertile.
499
Ilab On rocks, DTanitic and schistose, in maritime and mountainous
T f a " 7 7 ¿"ft'®"' Great Britain, Ireland, and the Channel
Islands.—H M. : Chateau Point, Island of Sark. Aberdovey and Cwm
Bychan Merionethshire; Island of Anglesea. Near Moffat, Dumfries-
sfore; West Wateij Forfarshire ) Ben Lawers and Craig Calliach, Perth-
Hire ; Portlethen, Kmcardineshire ; Glen Ey, Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
Blackwater, oo. Kerry.
h. Spores normally 2næ.
13. P. communis DC. Fl. F r. ii. (1805) p. 2 3 0 . - Thallus de te rminate,
membranaceo-oartiiaginous, smoothish, rugose or verrueoso-
areolate, th e verruoæ subglobose, difform, greyish or glaucous-white
+OT an ¿ 'Z CaCl—). Apothecia 1 or several, usually 2 in each
verruca ; the ostiola minute, punctiform (or slightly depressed), black
or blackish (epithecium K + violet) ; spores 2næ (occasionally solitary
or 3næ), 0 ,1 3 0 -1 6 0 mm. long, 0 ,0 4 5 -6 5 mm. thiok.—Leight. Lich.
Fl. p. 238, ed. 3, p. 229 ; Angio. Lich. p. 27, t. 9. f. 3 ; Cromb!
Lich. B n t. p. 58 ; Mudd, Man. p. 2 7 5 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 1 6 0 ;
Turn. & Borr. Lioh. Br. p. lÿQ .— Poi-ina pertusa Hook. Fl. Scot. ii!
p. 45 ; Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 495. Lichen pertusus Linn., Huds
Fl. Angl. ed. 2, p. 5 2 5 ; L ig j f . FL Soot. ii. p. 802; With. Arr. od. s!
iv. p. 1 5 ; Eng, Bot. t. 677. Lichenoides verrueosum et ruciosum'
cinereum, glahrmn Dill. Muse. 128, t. 18. f. 9 pro p a rte .—According
to the specimens iu his Herb, th is is Lichen pertusus Liun. Mant!
ii. (1771) p. 134, bu t his specific name is not adopted as it has
fallen into desuetude.—B rit. E x s .: Mudd, n. 264.
The most common and widely distributed (at least in a fertile state) of
the British Pertusarias. The thallus is orbicular, limited by a pale
zonate, narrow, rarely broad, hypothalline line, aud is but moderately
thick even when best developed. I t is almost always very well fertile
the verrucæ being numerous, often crowded, and theu more or’less confluent
and difform by mutual pressure. The apothecia, as observed by Turner
and Borrer, vary from oue to twelve in each verruca ; while iu old plants
they are often without spores. The ostioles are occasionallv whitish, an
“ immature state called leucostoma by Schaerer (Enum. p] 229), owino-
probably to the plant growing iu shade, when the epithecium gives no
reaction with K.
Hab. On the trunks of old trees, rarely on pales, in maritime, lowland
and upland tracts.—Bistr. General and abundant in Great Britain ; no
doubt also in Ireland and the Channel Islands.—B. M. ; Islauds of Sark
and Guernsey. Great Glenham, Suffolk ; Epping Forest, Essex ; Shiere
Surrey; Penshurst, Ken t; St. Leonard’s Forest and near Hastinog’
Sussex; Appuldurcombe, Isle of W ight; New Forest, Hants; Ulfa!
combe, near Bovey Tracey, and Lustleigh, S. Devon; AA’ithiel, Cornwall ;
Cirencester, Gloucestershire ; Gopsall Park, Leicestershire ; Millersdale
Derbj'shire ; Malvern, AA’orcestershire ; Dolgelly and Barmouth, Merio-’
nethshire ; Hafod, Cardiganshire ; Bettws-y-Coed, Denbighshire ; Island
of Anglesea ; Church Stretton and Llauforda, Shropshire ; Kildale and
near Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Teesdale, Durham; AA’iudermere
Westmoreland ; Calder Abbey, Cumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcud-’
brightshire ; Roslin and Oolinton Woods, Midlothian ; uear Glas»ow ;
2 x 2