Grampians, Scotland.-B. M. : Betclivvorth, Surrey; Bridge Rocks and
near Henfield, Sussex; New Forest, Hants; Hartmoor, llsham Walk,
Torciiiav, and near Totnes, S. Devon ; Feutire, Cornwall ; Leigh M oods,
near Bristol, Gloucestershire; Charnwood 1'orest, Leicestetoire; Malvern,
Worcestershire; Oswestry aud A\ hiteclUie Kcreks, Slnopshiie,
Abei’dovey and Barmouth, Merionethshire ; Bettws-y-Coed, Caruaryon-
sliire ; Stogdale, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Teesdale, Durham ; near Kendal,
Westmoreland; Keswick, Cumherland; T h e Cheviots, Northumherland.
New Gallowav, Kirkcudbrightshire ; Swanston, near Kdinburgh ; Bowlin
» Bay, Diuibartonshire ; Dunoon and Barcaldine, Argylestoe ; Loch
Ivkrino, near Callander, Kenmore, Craighall, aud Dimkeld, 1 erthslure ;
Craig Cliiny, Braemar, Aberdeeushire ; Lochaber, Inverness-shire ; near
Forres, Elgin. Killarney, co. Kerry.
Form m u sco rum Sohl. ex Sohær. Enum. (1850) p. 21. Thallus
thinner, loss roundly lobed, th e lobes smaller, narrower. Apotheoia
small.— Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1870, p. 3 6 0 ; Leight. Lich. I I . ed. 3,
p. 105.
Diilers in being con.siderahly smaller in all its parts. The apothecia
are also fewer, at least in our British specimens.
Hah Among mosses at the roots of old trees in upland districts.
Disfx. Local a?d scarce in S.W. and N. England, on the St Grampians,
Scotland, and in N.W. Ire la n d .-B . M. : Paington S. Devon ; near
Whitehaven,Cumberland. GleuLochay, Killm, 1 erthslure. Kylemore
Lake, co. Galway.
Tribe X V I. P H Y S C I E I Nyl. Bull. Soc. Linn. Normand, sér. 2,
vii. (1872) p. 322 (cfr. Cromb. Grevillea, v. p. 77).
Thallus foliaceous or sometimes frutioulose, usually stellato-
orhicu lar; gonidial layer consisting of tru e gonidia. Apotheoia
Iccauorine sporos 8næ, subollipsoid or oblong, variously bilocular,
or 1 -soptat’e, ra re ly quadrilocular, brown or colourless ; ^ paraphyses
discrete. Spermogones in n ate ; sterigmata u sually plu ri-a rtio u late ;
spermatia oyliudrical or oblongo-cylindrioal, occasionally obsolctely
incrassate a t either apex, very rarely acioular.
Consists of a single genus, formerly included under Parmeliei, but
recently separated by Nylander as a distinct tribe. From tlie less developed
thallus aud the type of the apothecia it occupies an interior place
in the Series.
53. PHYSCIA Sohreb., Linn. Gen. PI. ed. 8, t. ii. (1791) p. 768 ;
Nyl. Syn. i. (1860) p. 406.—Thallus horizontally expanded, or sometimes
ascending, variously lobed or laciniate ; beneath diseolorous,
verv rarely concolorous, more or less fibrilloso-rhizinose ; medullary
layer woolly, composed of filaments loosely intorwoveu, cortical
layer cellular, or with longitudinal cellular cavities. Apothecia
sessile or piedicellate, rarely concolorous with the thallus ; hypothecium
colourless, rarely brownish-black ; hymemal gelatine bluish
with iodine. Spermogones generally scattered, becoming a t length
somewhat prominent, j-ellowish or blackish ; sterigmata very raroly
subsimple.
The species of this genus are diverse in habit, some being evernuform
a fewsubptico4ioW; but the larger ^ of He
varv somewhat in tlie structure of the cortical layer, the foiiu of the
snores and tbe spermatia.’ Thev agree, however, m w hat is more essential,
the lecanorine apothecia. The colour of the thallus, here closely connect^
with differences in the fructification, enables ns to arrange them unde
two sections, which are almost entitled to be regarded as subgeneia.
A FLAVESCENTES.—Thallus yellowish. Apotheoia concolorous ;
spores polari-bilooular (tlie loculi usually connected by a
th in tube), colourless.
Spermogones
yellowish, with spermatia
ohlongo-eilip-
soid. — Xanthorin Er.
PI.Horn. (1825) p. 2 f3
pro parte.
1. P . flavicans DC. Fl.
Er. ii. (1805) p. 189.—
Tliallus subfruticuloso-fila-
meiitose, cæspitose, very
much and intricately
branched, yellow or orange-
yellow; b eneath concolorous
or subooncolorous, suboana-
lioulate; branches somewhat
rounded, slender, atten u ate,
furcellate a t tho apices
|,j^+purplish^ C aC lI). Apo- Fig. 52.
thecia lateral, small o r P i y s e i a DeNot.—a. Vertical section
tnecia > nf tballus X 200. 6. Theca and paraphysis,
moderate, piano, orange- ^ / Spores (mostly from tho living
coloured, th e margin th in , X 600. d. Section of spermogone,
subcronulato ; spores some- x 30. ’ c. Jointed sterigmata and spermatia
times simple, 0 ,0 1 2 -1 8 x 5 0 0 . / . Spores of P. « to™ DC. X 500.
mm. long, 0,0 0 7 -1 1 mm. . oo n u v v, F rit
thick.—Mudd, Man. y,. 112, t. li. f. 33 ; Cromh. Lich. B n t.
p 37 ; Leight. Lich. El. p. 141, ed. 3, p. liO .-P a rm e h a fiavicans
Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 147. Borrera fla v u a n s Hook. F .
Scot ii p 57 ; Sm. En g . Fl. v. p. 224. Lichen flavicans Sw. I i .
In d . Oooid. iii. (1788) p. 1908 ; Eng. Bot. t 2113. Borrera laM
Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 435. Liehen vutpinus (non Linn.) Huds. i l .
Angl. p. 4 6 2 ; Lightf. El. Soot. ii. p. 8 9 6 ; With. Arr. ed. 3, ^iv.
p 49. Usnea capillacea eitrina, fru tie u h specie Dill. Muse. / 3,
t 13. f. 16. Lichenoides quod Muscus aureus tenuissimus DiU. in
Ray Syn. p. 65, n. 8.— B rit. Exs. : Leight. n. 169 ; Mudd, n. 84 ;
Larb. Cæsar. n. 21 ; Cromb. n. 48.
A beautiful plant, easily recognized hy the somewhat elongate orange