r
Often confounded ivith or regarded only as a variety of L. pyracea, to
lyhicli it is externally similar, tliough definitely separated by the dis-
tinctly-septate spores. I t spreads extensively over the substratum, the
thallus being frequently evanescent. The apothecia are very numerous,
and at times much crowded 'with a thalline margin rarely visible in their
earlier stage of growth. I ’hough normally a corticolous plant, it at
times occurs on challc, mortar, aud liaiestone (very rarely in Britain),
when it is form rujjcstris (P Scop.) Nyl. Lich. Scand. p . '145: Lecidea
ulmicola Tayl. iu Mack. M. Ilib. ii. p. 129.
Ilah, On the trunks of tree.s, chiefly elms, rarely on rocks, from maritime
to upland situations.—D/si/-. General in most parts of England,
apparently rare in N. Wales, Scotland, aud S. Ireland.—B. M .: Great
Elstree, Herts ; Windsor Great Park, Berkshire ; Stowe Park, Buckingham;
AVlmpole Park, Cambridgeshire; Twycross, Leicestershire; neL'
AVorcester and at North Malvern, AA’orcesteishire ; Island of Anglesea;
nearMasham, Yorkshire; Leven’s Bridge, Westmoreland ; MeldouPark,
AA’ansbeck A’alley, Northumberland. Doune Castle, near Stirling;
Pitfour, Aberdeensliire. Castle Connell, co. Limerick; Rostellan, co.
Cork ; Inisfallen, Killarney, co. Kerry. The saxicolous state has occurred
only in the following localities in S. andN. England and S.W. Ireland : —
South Downs, Sussex ; Newton Abbot, S. Devon; Inglehorough, York-
sliire. Dunkerron, co. Kerry.
48. L. pMogina Nyl. Mém. Soc. Cherb. v. (18.57) p. 112 ; Lich.
Scand. p. 141.—Thallus effuso, very thin, minutely granuloso-
leprose, citrine or yellowish-green ; granules globular, often somewh
a t scattered (K + purplish). Apothecia small, biatorine, plane or
a t length convex, yellowish-orange : spores olliptico-oblong, polari-
bilocular, 0 ,0 1 1 -1 5 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 6 -9 mm. thick.—Cromb. Journ.
Bot. 1871, p. 1 7 8 ; Leight. Lich. Kl. p. 223, ed. 3, p. 213.—P a r -
melia eitrina Yav. plilogina Ach. Meth. (1803) p. 180.—B rit. E x s ■
Larb. Lioh. Hb. n. 67.
Sometimes viewed as merely a corticolous state of L. eitrina, but allied
rather to L. pyracea, from which it is at once distinguished by the very
different thallus. The apothecia are generally rather scattered.
liab. On the trunks of old trees, ash and elm, rarely on old posts from
maritime to upland districts.—Dikir. Pound only in a few localities in
the Channel Islands and England,—B. M. : St. Clement’s Bay, Island of
Jersey. Near Ryde, Isle of Wight; near Hastings, Sussex; Penzance
Cornwall ; AVindsor Great Park, Berks ; Pampisford, Cambridgeshire ^
near Worcester; Alston, Cumberland. ’
Var. ft. lutea Nyl. Liob. Scand. (1861) p. 142.—Thallus leproso-
pulverulent, w h itish -citn n e or pale-luteous. Apothecia pale-orange ■
spores 0 ,0 1 1 -1 2 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 6 -7 mm. thick.—Cromb. Grevillea,
xvni. p. 46 .— Lecidea epixantha var. lutea Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810)
p. 209.
A peculiar variety, differing in the more pulverulent, paler thallus, the
paler apotliecia, smaller sjiores, and the nature of the habitat. The few
British specimens are well fertile.
Hab. On vegetable detritus in maritime districts.—DiXr. Onlv verv
sparingly in S. England and the S.AV. Highlands of Scotland—B
Luccombe Cove Isle of W ig h t; Rotliiigdeau Cliffs, Sussex. Airds!
Appm, Argyleshire. ’
_ 49. L, irrubata Nyl. ex Norrl. Jlcdd. Sallsk. pro F. & Kl. Penn.
1. (1876) p. 22.—Thallus determinate, th in , rimóse or rimoso-
areolate, sordid or greyish ( K - ) . Apothecia adnato, small, biatorine,
somewhat piano or convex, immarginate, yellow-reddish (K +
p u rp lish ); spores ellipsoid or ovoid, simple, 0,009-0,011 mm. long
0 ,0 0 5 -6 mm. th ic k .; paraphyses scanty.—Cromb. Grevillea, xii!
p. 58.— Lecanora calva var. irrubata Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p’. 47
Lecidea irrubata Sm. Eng. Kl. v. p. 183 ; Tayl. iu Maok. Kl. Hib!
il. p. 128. Lecanora rupestris forma viridi-Jlavescens (AVulf.) Leight.
Lich. Fl. p. 191, ed. 3, p. 204. Tjccidea rupestris y. viridiflavescens
Mudd, Man. p. 194. Lichen rupestris Eng. Bot. t. 2245 — B r it
E x s . : Leight. n. 119 ; Mudd, n. 1 6 1 ; Larb. Lioh. Hb. n. 100.
Usually arranged by authors among the Lxcideei owing to its simple
spores and biatorine apothecia. Its true place, liowever, is among other
biatorine species of this section, as shown by the spermogones. From
the more developed thallus, wliich is usually limited, it is to be re»arded
as the specific type ratlier than the subspecies th at follows. TÍe apothecia
are numerous, usually small, rarely suhmoderate. The speruio-
genes, which are externally híack-punctate, have the spermatia cylindrical
about 0,005-0 mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick. ’
Hab. On calcareous rocks, siliceous aud cretaceous stones, and tlie
mortar of walls iu maritime and upland localities.—Dwir. Not uncommon
111 England ; not seen from AA’ales; apparently rare in Scotland and
Ireland.—B. M .: Shiere, Surrey; Beachy Head, Sussex ; Anstey’s Cove,
forquay, and Cornworthy, S. Devon; near I ’enzaiice, Cornwall; Batli-
ampton Downs, Somersetshire; Windsor Great Bark, Berks; Norton
near AA’orcester; Whitecliffe Rocks, near Ludlow, Shropshire ; Bonsall’
Derbyshire; Bilsdale and near Carlton, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Beamish!
Durham ; Leven’s Park, AA'estmoreland ; Chollerford, Northumberland
Appm, Argyleshire ; Craig Tulloch, Blair Athole, Perthshire; Kirklind
Fifeshire. Killarney, co. Kerry; Ben Bulben, co. Sligo; near Kylemore!
CO. Galway.
Subsp. L. calva Nyl. ex Lamy, Bull. Soo. Bot. t. x x x . (1883)
p. 379.—Thallus effuse, very th iu , wliitish, or soaroely any. Apothecia
small or moderate, convex, vitelline or taw'ny-yellow; spores
0,0 0 9 -0 ,0 1 4 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 5 -8 mm. th ic k ; paraphyses thick.—
Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. p. 4 6.— Lecanora calva Cromb. Lich. Brit,
p. 47. Lecanora rupestris form calva Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 191, ed. 3,
p. 203. Lichen calvus Dicks. Crypt, fasc. ii. (1790) p. 18, t. 6. f. 4 •
With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 1 4 ; Eng. Bot. t. 948. Lecidea rupestris
(? Soop.) Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 4 7 2 ; Sm. Eng. El. v. p. 1 8 3 ; Tayl.
in Mack. El. Hib. ii. p. 128 ; Mudd, Man. p. 193.
Often spreads extensively with the thallus indistinct, being confused
with the substratum. The apothecia are at times somewh:it large, and
then more convex, immarginate aud scattered. °
2 c 2