• » Hah. Ou trees, old pales, rocks, walls, and tiled roofs in maritime,
lowland and upland districts.—Histr. Not uncommon in England and
tlie Channel Islands ; apparently rare in N.E. Scotland, E. and N.W.
Ireland, though probably often overlooked iu both these countries.—B. M .:
Noirmont, Island of Jersey; Chateau Point, Island of Sark; The Vale,
Guernsey. Yariiiouth, and uear Brandon, Suiiblk ; Epping Eorest, Essex;
Hurstpierpoint, Sussex ; Slianklin, Isle of Wight; Lyndhurst, New Eorest,
I la u ts ; near Bristol, Somersetshire; Cliarfield, Gloucestershire; near
Worcester ; AVestoii, (Ixfordslnre ; near Oswestry, Shropshire ; Barmouth,
Aber-ty-Gyn, N. W a le s; Port Soderick, Isle of Man ; near Newton,
Cleveland, Yorkshire ; St. Bees, Cumberland. Portlethen, Kincardineshire.
Portiiiaronock, near Dublin; Kylemore and Cleghan, Coniiemai'a,
CO. Gahvay.
Eorm d em iss a Stiz. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1822, p. 359.—Thallus
th in , leproso-granulose, greenish-brown or pale, often evanescent.
Apotliecia minute, somewhat prominent, th e thalline margin at
length obliterated.—Cronib. Grovillea, xviii. p. 4 6.— Rinodina meta-
holica ft. demissa Kcerb. Sy.st. Lich. Germ. (1885) p. 124.
Distinguished by the colour of the thallus, aud more especially hy the
minute, emersed, a t length iinmarginate apotliecia. In the very few
British specimens these are numerous and here and there crowded.
Hah. On rocks in maritime tracts.—Distr. Only sparingly in S. England.—
B. M. : Shanklin and near Luccombe, Isle of Wiglit.
Var. p . lecideoides Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. (1889) p. 46.—
Thallus very thin, macular, greyish-white, usually evanescent.
Apothecia small, lecideine, black or blackish, the margin dark-
brown, a t length obliterated ; spores 0 ,0 1 6 -2 0 mm. long, 0,0 0 8 -1 1
mm. thiok.— Lecanora sophodes var. lecideoides Nyl. Lich. Soand.
(1861) p. 1 4 9 ; Leight. Lioh. El. p. 225, ed. 3, p. 215 pro minima
parte.
Might readily be taken on a cursory inspection for Lecidea myriocarpa,
as observed by Nylander I. c., but differs at once in the colour of the
margin of the apothecia and in the whitish hypothecium. He also suggests
that it probably descends from Lecanora confragosa, with which it
agrees rather than with L. exigua in the size of the spores. The absence,
however, of any reaction with K connects it with the present species.
The tliallus is but little visible in the few British specimens.
Hab. On old palings in an upland situation.—Distr. Apparently only
among the S. Grampians, Scotland.—B. M .: Glen Lochay, Killin, Perthshire.
62. L. su h ex ig n a Nyl. Flora, 1874, p. 308.—Thallus effuse,
subsmooth, unequal, rimóse, pale-greyish or sordid-yellowish (K —,
CaCl — ). Apotheoia minute, plane, black, th e th allin e margin
thickish, entire ; spores 0 ,0 1 2 -1 5 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 6 -7 mm. thick.—
Cromb. Grevillea, iii. p. 22 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 220.
Subsimilar to the preceding species, but difiers in the characters of the
thallus and apothecia, and more especially in the smaller spores. The
two specimens seen are well fertile.
Liab. On granitic rocks in a maritime district.—Disir. Only very
sparingly iu S.AV. England.—B. M. : Near Penzance, Cornwall.
63. L. ro b o ris Nyl. Elora, 1869, p. 412.—Thallus determinate
or suhdeterminate, thinnish, continuous, granuloso-unequal, whitish
or greyish-white (K + yellow, C a C l - ) ; hypothallus black, often
indistinct. Apothecia moderate or somewhat large, blackish, the
thalline margin a t length c ren a te ; spores 0,015—18 mm. long,
0 ,0 0 6 -9 mm. thick.—Duf. Hb. fid e Nyl. Mém. Soo. So. Nat. Cherb.
t. ii. (1854) p. 3 2 6 ; Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. p. 46.—L . sophodes
forma roboris Leight. Lich. El. p. 225, ed. 3, p. 215.— Brit. Eæs. :
Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 260.
Often confounded with L. sophodes, hut distinct in the colour and more
especially in the reaction of the thallus with K, as also'in the larger apothecia
and their crenulate margin. The thallus at tiines is somewhat
eftuse, with the hypothallus visible only here and there at the circumference.
The apothecia are generally numerous, though not crowded.
Hah. On trunks of trees, chiefly oaks, very rarely on the stems of heather,
in maritime and upland situations.—Disir. Not unfrequent in England;
rare in N. AVales, S. and N.AV. Ireland ; not seen from Scotland.-B. M .:
East coast of Jersey; DTxcart, Island of Sark. Yarmouth, Suffolk;
Epping Forest, Essex; Danny, Sussex; New Forest, Hants; llsham,
^ r r o ^^ 1 • T .,..*»««.4-,-..« T>/-vn»7ovi/-»ci nn i» nwo ii ■ Sa,vern9.kG
to ^D lu -h a ^ ^O a ld eFA b b e } ? Cumberland; Felton AVoods, Northumberland;
Leven’s Park, AVestmoreland. Carrigaloe, near Cork ; Dough-
magh mt., Oonnemara, co. Galway.
64. L. confragosa Nyl. ex Lamy, Bull. Soc. Bot. I r . t. xxv.
(1878) p. 404.—Thallus effuse, thin, granulose or verruooso-aroo-
late, greyish- or sordid-white, the granules scattered or subcon-
tiguous (K + yellow, CaCl —) ; hypothallus usually obsolete. Apotheoia
sessile, suhmoderate, plane, brownish-black or nearly black,
th e th alliu e margin a t lengt h inflexed and crenulate ; spores ellipsoid,
obtuse a t th e apices, 0 ,0 1 8 -2 3 mm. loug, 0 ,0 0 0 -1 3 mm. thick.
—Leight. Lieh. El. ed. 3, p. 222.—D. sophodes var. confragosa
Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 49 pro parte. Parmelia confragosa Ach. Meth.
Suppl. (1803) p. 33.— B r it. Exs. : Larb. Cæsar. n. 28 ; Lich. Hb.
n. 301.
Looks almost a saxicolous state of Z. roboris, but differs m the less
continuous thallus and in the larger spores. In the Bntish specimens
the thallus, which rarely has a greyish-green tinge, is but seldom continuous,
aud the hypothallus is scarcely visible. The apothecia are
numerous, here and there crowded, and then almost obliterating the
granules. Subsp. Z. crassescens Nyl. was erroneously recorded as British
in Grovillea, xviii. p. 46.
Hab. On rocks, granitic and schistose, in maritime aud upland tracts.—
Distr. Sparingly in the Channel Islands, S. England, N.E. Scotland, S.E ,