beneath blntk, paler and glabrous a t tlic circumference, with few
rhizinæ ; lobes siunato-laciniate, rounded, suhcrenulate a t the margins
(K + yellowish, CaCl / ) . Apothecia moderate, badio-reddish,
tlie margin crenulate and often p u lv eru len t; spores 0,0 1 7 -2 0 mm.
long, 0 ,0 0 7 -1 0 mm. thick.— Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 437 ; Hook. 11.
Soot. ii. p. 5 2 ; Sm. Eug. El. v. p. 1 0 8 ; Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib.
ii. p. 146 ; Mudd, Man. p. 101, t. ii. f. 30 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 32 ;
Leight. Lich. F l. p. 122, ed. 3, p. 114.— Lichen caperalns Linn. Sp.
1 1 .(1 7 5 3 ) p. 1 1 4 7 ; Huds. Fl. Angl. ed. 2, p. 5 4 3 ; With. A rr.
cd. 3, iv. p. 58 ; Eng. Bot. t. 654. Lichenoides caperatum, rosacee
e.vpiansmn, e sidgihureo virens Dill. Muse. 103, t. 25. f. 97. Lichenoides
crusta foUosa, e.v cinereo et luleo virescente, inferne nigra et
loevi Dill, iu Eay, Syn. ed. 3, p. 73, n. 62.—Brit. Exs. : Leight.
11. 77 ; Mudd, n. 73 ; Cromh. n. 140 ; Larb. Cæsar. ii. 63 ; Lioh.
Hb. n. 251 ; Bohl. n. 123.
The thallus, which is normally orbicular, frequently spreads exten-
.sively. I t is usually undulato-plicate, and often more or less graimloso-
piilvenilent, except at the circumference. The apothecia, which are
comparatively rare, are usually scattered, but occur chiefly towards the
centre of the thallus. The spermogones are miuute, infúscate, with
spermatia 0,006-7 mm. loug, 0,001 mm. thick.
Hah. On the trunks of old trees, ou boulders, and on old pales, in
lowland and upland tracts.—Histr. General aud abundant in most parts
of Eugland ; rarer in Ireland, tl:e Channel Islands, and in Scotland,
where apparently it rarely extends beyond the S. Grampians.—li. AI. :
St. Brelade’s and Boulay Bay, Jersey ; Island of Guernsey. Walthamstow
and Ilainault Forest, Essex; near Tuubridge Well,«, Kent; Lewes,
Hastings, and near Brighton, Sussex ; Lyndhurst and near Lyming-toii,
Hampshire ; Carisbrook and Ryde, Isle of AVight ; Ivy Bridge, Torquay,
Kewtcn Bushell, and Totnes, S. Devon; Bocconoc, Penzance, and Withiel,
Cornwall ; St. Alary’s, Scilly ; Elstree, Herts ; near Alalvern, AA’orcester-
shire ; Gamlingay, Camhfidgeshire ; Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire ;
Haug'hniond Hill, Shropshire ; Cleveland, A’orkshire ; Cwm Byclian and
near Barnionth, Alerionethshire ; Hafod, Cardiganshire ; Island of Anglesea;
Llanheris, Caniarvonshire; Keswick and Ashy, Cuinberiand ; Teesdale,
Durham ; Stavely, AVestmoreland ; near Hexham, Northuraberiand.
New Galloway, Kirkcudhrightshire; King’s Park, Swanston AVood,
Rivelstoiie and Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh ; Airds, Appin, Argyleshire
; Blairdrummond, Aherfoyle, Kenmore, and Ben Lawers, Perthshire ;
Ben Nevis, Inverness-shire. Rostellan, co. Cork ; Dunkerron, co. Kerry.
15. P. sin u o sa Ach. Syn. (1814) p. 207,—Thallus suborbicular,
membrauaceous, divaricato-lobed, smooth, yellowish; beneath blackish
and black-flbrillose, jialer towards th e circumference ; laoiniæ n a rrow,
sinuato-pinnatifid, dilated and often sorediate a t th e apices ;
th e sinuses wide, circular (Kf then red, Apothecia
moderate, subplane, dark-hrown, th e margin thin, smooth, en tire ;
spores 0 ,0 1 1 -2 0 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 8 -1 2 mm. thick.— Gray. Nat. Arr.
i. p. 442 ; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 54 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 203 ; Tayl.
iu Alack. El. Hib. ii. p. 149 ; Aludd, Alan. p. 05 ; Cromb. Lich.
Brit. p. 3 3 ; Leight. Lich. EL p. 136, cd. p. 125.—Lichen sinuosas
Sm. Eng. Bot. x x ix . (1809) t. 2050.— Brit. Exs. : Larb. Lioh. Hb.
I I. 8 .
Often coufounded with smaller states of P. lævigata, to which it is
closely allied, but is distinguished not only hy the reaction with K, and
the larger spores, but also, and at first sight, hy the yellow thallus, which
is usually smaller, more divided, and somewhat closely afflxed to the
substratum. The apothecia are extremely rare in our Islands, aud
when present are but few and central.
Hab. On trunks of trees and boulders in maritime upland districts.—
Histr. Rather local and very sparingly iu S. and AV. England, N. AVales,
S. and AA’. Scotland, AV. Ireland, aud the Channel Islands.—B. M. :
Island of Guernsey. Bournemouth, Hampshire ; Ullacombe, Devonshire ;
Barmouth, Ty Gwn, uear Dolgelly, Alerionethshire ; Island of Anglesea.
Brodrick Castle, Island of Arrau ; Appin, Argyleshire ; Gleu Nevis,
Inverness-shire; Applecross, Ross-shire. Near Alacroone, co. Cork;
Cromaglown and Dunkerron (fruit), co. Kerry ; Connemara, co. Galway.
16. P. d is s e c ta Alyl. Flo ra 1882, p. 451.—Suhsimilar to P.
lævigata, b u t tho thallus yellowish, muoh smaller and th inly-dissected,
isidiiferous, with sh o rt rhizinæ on th e under surface (medulla
K(CaCl)-f red). Apothecia unknown.—Cromb. Grevillea, xv.
p. 74.
This also is closely allied to P. lævigata, to which Nylander (Syn. i.
p. 384) originally referred it as a variety. I t has been raised by him to
specific rank because it constantly preserves its own type. I have not
seen a British specimen ; according to Nylander it is not unfrequeut in
France.
Hcd). On rocks in (?) upland situations.—Dfsri'. Extremely local and
rare in Ireland (Jide Nyl.).
17. P. conspersa Aoh. Meth. (1803) p. 205.—Thallus orbicular,
expanded, appressed, laciniato-divided, shining, somewhat smooth,
greenish-straw coloured ; beneath brown, with short Mack rhizinæ ;
laciniæ plane sinuato-incised and crenate a t tho margins
(K]J] JJ?™’ CaCl / ). Apothecia moderate, spadiceous or
brownish, th e margin entire and intlexod ; spores 0 ,0 0 8 -1 2 mra.
long, 0 ,0 0 5 -8 mm. thick.—Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 4 4 2 ; Hook. Fl.
Scot. ii. p. 55 ; Sm. Eng. El. v. p. 189 ; Tayl. in Alack. Fi. Hib. ii.
p. 143 ; Aludd, Alan. p. 1 0 2 ; Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 3 4 ; Leight.
Lich. El. p. 134, ed. 3, p. 124.—Lichen conspersus E h rh . iu Aoh.
Prodr. (1798) p. 118 ; Eng. Bot. t. 2097. Lichen centrifugus Huds.
F l. Angl. p. 445 ; Lightf. Fl. Soot. ii. p. 814 ; AA’ith. Arr. ed. 3, iv.
p. 32 pro parte. Lichenoides imhrieatum viridans, scutellis hadiis
Dill. AIuso. 180, t. 24. f. 75 a .— B rit. E x s .: Leight. n. 7 8 ; Larb.
Cæsar. n. 65 ; Cromb. n. 26.
Often spreads rather extensively, though always preserving an orbicular
outline. I t is occasionally somewhat glaucous, aud specimens rarely
occur in which the medulla is partly tawny-yellow, the result evidently
ii:i
ii.¥l 1
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