autliovs among the Slereocimlei or the ClaiJoniei. On account of the
peculiar texture of the apotliecia Nylander has established for it a separate
tribe, distinguisbed by the character of the paraphyses.
28. PILOPHORUS
F r. fil. Comm. Ster.
(1857) p. 4 0 ; Tuck.
Syn. Lieh. New Eng.
(iS 4 8 ) p. 4(i (u t aec-
tio Stereocaiili). Pilo-
phoron Nyl. Syu. i.
p. 228.—Thallus at
th e base (when present)
granulöse or
somewhat pulverulent,
bearing ceplialo-
(lia ; podetia rigid, cylindrical,
simple or
sparingly branched,
usually fistulöse, internally
filamentoso-
arachuoid, externally
covered with a gran u löse
c o rte x ; gonidia
moderate, greenish-
yellow. Apothecia
capituliform or often
subglohose, solid within,
corneous; para- ^ ^ y.,
phvses ^ L , th,i,c ki,s h. , or, I ’-uopnorus ccrcolus bvl.—a. VVer tical ,section of an
moderate, blackish a t apotbeoium, X30. i. Vertical section of a spermoth
e apices, forming a gone, X30. c. Sterigmata and spermatia, x .500.
thiok subhymenial TUofhorus stnmmtieus Nyl. - d. Vertical section
layer • spores in apotbeciuin, x30. e. Theca and paraclavate
thecæ, whioh physes, x350. /. Spores, x500.
have th e wall thickened a t th e apices, ellipsoid or oblongo-ellipsoid
; hymenial gelatine scarcely (except a t tho apices of th e thecæ)
tinged bluish with iodine. Spermogones affixed to tho apices ot the
podetia, black; spermatia baoillar, straight or slightly curved.
This genu.s is well characterized by the parapby.ses being prolonged into
the bypothecinm, and forniiiig asubbyinenial stratumne.arly tlirice as tbieli
as the liymenium. The rest of the" bypotliecium is formed of confu.sed
obliterated cells. The ceplialodia, which are adnate and in the form of
testaceous tubercules, are internally densely and minutely cellular, with
'• the gonimia bluisb-green, shortly ellipsoid or subglobose”, glomendoselv
arranged or moniliformly joined” (Nyl. 1. c.).
1. P. cereolus Nyl. eæ Stiz. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. (1875) p. 198;
Kr. fil. Lich. Scand. (1871) p. 55 pro p a rte .—Thallus olfuso a t (he
Inisc, forming a vcrrucoso-gi amiloso or pulvcrescciit crusi, grevish-
W'liite; podetia short, erect, simple, verruooso-grauulate or sub-
pulverulent (K-|-yellowish). Apothecia small, subglohose, para-
lihj’sos tliickish; sporos ellipsoideo-fusiform, 0,010- 0,022 mm. loug,
0,0 0 4 -0 ,0 0 5 mm. thiok.—Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 15.— Stereooaidon
cereolus Ach. Meth. p. 3 1 6 ; Borr. in Engl. Bot., Suppl. t. 2667.
8. eereoUnum Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 233 pro p a r te ; Tayl. in Mack. Fl.
Hih. ii. p. 83. Liehen {Isidium) cereolus Aoh. Brodr. (1798) p. 89.
Stereoccmlon condensatum var. cereoliniim Aoh. pro parte, Cromh.
Lich. Brit. p. 17 pro parte. To this also belongs P. fib u la (non
Tuck.) Leight. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1869, vol. iv. p. 2 0 1 ; Lich. Fl.
p. 70, ed. 3, p. 09 pro pa rte .—Hr ii. E x s .: Loight. n. 383 ; Larbal.
Lioh. Hb. n. 5.
When sterile, this closely resembles Stereocaulon pileatum, from which,
when fertile, it is easily distiuguislied by tlie simple spores. The basal
thallus is normally grauuloso-diffract, sometimes becoming more or less
pulveraceo-delitescent. The podetia vary somewhat in length and thickness,
and at times become more or less glabrous. The apotbecia are
typically solitaiy, and in old plants, as observed by Acharius (Lich. Univ.
p. o83), become compound and conglomerate. On the basal tballus there
occur frequent cephalodia, which are tuberculose, brownish, with the
gonimia giomerulosely arranged. I t is intimately allied to V. fllmla
Tuck. (Nyl. ex Oronib. GreviUea, xv. p. 15), a similar American plant
which {ex Nvl. in litt.) dUfers iu the tliicker spores (0,018-0,025 mui.
loug, 0,007-0,008 mm. thick).
Ilab. On moist shady rocks iu upland aud subalpine situations.—
Distr. Local and scarce iu the mountainous tracts of N. England, N.
Wales, S.AV. Scotland, the S.AV. Highlands, among the Grampians, and
ill AV. Ireland.—15. AI.; Oader Idris and Dolgelly, Alerionethshire; Teesdale
and Eglestone, Dnrliam; Borrowdale, Cumberland. New Galloway,
Kirkciidbriglitshire; Achro.sagan Hill, Appin, Argylesliire; Bon
Jjawers, Perthshire; Ben Nevis, luverness-shire ; hills of Applecross,
R.iss-shire. Dunkerron, co. Ke rry ; Kylemore and Salrock Road, Conne-
m.ara, co. Galway.
2. P. strumaticus Nyl. ex Cromb. Jo u rn . Bot. 1875, p. 140
(nomon).—Thallus detorminato or subeffuse a t th e base, verrucoso-
granulate, g rey ish -w h ite ; podetia short, stoutish, verruooso-granu-
lato (K -4- yellowish). Apothecia moderate or suhmoderate, sub-
glohosc, beneath as if strumosely appondiculate, paraphyses moderate
; spores oblongo-ellipsoid, 0 ,0 1 8 -0 ,0 2 4 mm. long, 0,006-0,009
mm. thick.
Differs from the preceding iu the thallus being firmer, not pulverescent,
and especially in the peculiar form of the apothecia, resulting from the
turgescent perithecium. The podetia are simple, somewhat crowded,
occasionally very short, so th at the apothecia appear subsessile. The
cephalodia are similar to those of P. cereolus.
Hab. On sbady ledges of schistose rocks in subalpine districts.—Distr.
Local and scarce in N. AVales, among the Grampians, and in the N.AV.
Highlands, Scotland.—B. AI.: Cader Idris, Alerioneth. Glen Lyon, Pertli-
sliire ; Alorrone, Braemar, Aberdeonsliire.
I 2