1. P. a p h th o s a xAcli. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 516.—Thallus broadly
membranaceous, th in or m oderate, smooth, somewhat shining, bearing
cephalodia, b rig h t grass-green when moist, glaucous-green or lurid-
glaucous when dry : beneath e ith e r reticulately blaokish-ueryose or
almost continuously browuish-black, with broad whitish margin ; the
rhizinæ long, blacikish. Apothecia rotundate, moderate or large,
ascending, roddish-brown, tbe margin infle.xed and lacerate ; spores
8næ, fusiform, 3- 7-septate, colourless or pale-brown, 0 ,0 6 0 -9 2 mm.
long, 0 ,0 0 5 -6 mm. thick.—Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 428 ; Hook. Fl. Scot.
ii. p. 60 ; Sm. E ng. Fl. v. p. 215 ; Tayl. in Alack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 153 ;
Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 28.— Peltigera aphthosa Aludd, Alan.^ p. 81 ;
Leight. Lioh. Fl. p. 107, ed. 3, p. 101. Lichen aphthosas Linn. Fl.
Sueo. (1755) p. 1098 ; Lightf. Fl. Soot. ii. p. 847 ; Huds. F l. Angl.
ed. 2, p. 5 4 7 ; AVith. Arr. cd. 3, iv. p. 7 0 ; Eng. Bot. t. 1119.
Lichenoides digitatum læte-virens, verrucis nigris notatum Dill. AIusc.
199, t. 27. f. 106.—Some of the above include no doubt also tbe
following variety.—H n i. Exs. : Leight. n. 321 ; Cromb. u. 147.
The epigenous cephalodia distinguish this from other species of the
tribe. They ai‘e patelliforin or yerrucoso-unequal, pale, either siiperHcial
or slightly impressed, usually mimerons and sprinkled over the whole
upper surface of the thallus.' The underside is sometimes continuously
blackish, with confluent nerves (form verrucosa AA’eb.) ; hut this seems
to be an accidental state resulting from the nature of the substratum. In
this country it is rarely seen in fruit ; the old apothecia become rather
large.
Ilah. Among mosses on rocks and boulders, as also on tu rf walls in
moist shady upland districts.—Distr. Local and scarce in AA’. and N. England
and s'. Scotland ; more plentiful in the Grampians, Scotland, where
it i'ruits more freely ; rare iu N. Ireland.—B. AI., Stouts’ A\ ood, Glou-
cestersliire ; near Buxton, Derbyshire; Craiglorda, Herefordshire ; Llyn
Bodlyn, Alerionethshire ; Llauberris, Carnarvonshire ; Teesdale, Durham ;
near Kendal, Westmoreland ; AA’alla Crag, Cumberland ; The Cheviots,
Northumberland. Falls of the Clyde, Lanarkshire; near Inverary and
Barcaldine, Argyleshire ; Glen Lochay, Killin, Blair Athole, Den of
Rechip, Perthshire ; Sidlaw Hills, Forfarshire ; Craig Cluny, Invercauld,
and Craig Coinnoch, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Loch Linnhe, Ijochaber,
Inverness-shire. Near Belfast, co. Antiim ; Connemara, co. Galway.
A’ar. p . leu co p h leb ia Not. Siillsk. F. e t Fl. Fenn. Forh. n. s. v.
(1866) p. 117.—Thallus les.s dilated, paler, more opaque ; beneath
entirely whitish ; the nerves distinct, whitish or pale. Apothecia
rare ; spores 3-septate, 0 ,0 5 2 -0 ,0 6 6 mra. long, 0,004—6 mm. thick.
—Peltigera aphthosa, var. leucophlehia Nyl. Syn. i. (1860) p. 323.
— B rit. E xs .: Aludd, n. 58.
Differs in the usually smaller thaUus, the colour of its upper and under
surfaces, and in the pauci-septate spores. Nylander (Syn. (. c.j observes
th a t it had somewhat the habit of Peltigera rufescens (this, however, is
less marked in our British specimens), but with the peculiar cephalodia
of this species. In this country it is always sterile.
Hah. Among mosses on shady rocks in upland districts.—Distr. Local
and rare in S.AA'. and N. England, iu S. Scotland, and the S. aud AA-.
Highlands; not seen from Ireland.—B. AI.: Dartmoor, Devonshire;
White Force, Teesdale, Durham; near Kendal, Westmoreland. New
Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire; Dalmahoy Hill, near Ediuburgh; near
Inverary, Argyleshire; the Ochills, Raimoch, and the Trossacbs, Perthshire.
2. P. venosa Ach. Aleth. (1803) p. 2 82.—Thallus small, simple,
ascending or suberect, ovate or nearly flabelliformi-lobate, somewhat
shining, smooth, bright-green when moist, pale-greyish or greenish-
brown when d r y ; beneath bearing oephalodia, w h ite , with prominent
black or brownish-black nerves ramifying from th e base. Apothecia
suborbicular, plane, horizontal, somewhat large, brownish-black, the
margin orenulate, ev an e sc en t; spores 6- 8na3, fusiform, 3-septate,
colourless or pale-brown, 0,0 3 0 -0 ,0 4 5 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 7 -8 mm.
thiok.—Gray, Nat. A rr. i. p. 4 2 7 ; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 59 ; Sm.
Eng. Fl. v. p. 215 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 2 8.— Peltigera venosa Aludd,
Alan. p. 84, t. 1. f. 23 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. I l l , ed. 3, p. 101. Lichen
venosus Linn. PL Suec. (1755) n. 1 0 9 7 ; Lightf. PL Scot. ii. p. 844 ;
Huds. PL Angl. ed, 2, p. 545 ; W ith . A rr. ed. 3, iv. p. 69 ; Eng.
Bot. t. 887. Lichenoides p a rvum virescens, p eltis nigricantihus
p la n is m i . Mma. 208, t. 28. f. l0 9 .~ B r i t . Eæs. i Cromb. n. 4 2 ;
Dicks. Ho rt. Sic. n. 25.
A small plant, easily recognized by the simple or slightly lobed flahelli-
form thallus and the horizontal fructification. The hypogenous cephalodia,
which from their position are very apt to he overlooked, are usually
visible upon the brown tomentose nerves. They “ are granular, cartilaginous,
glaucous or glaucous-grey (at length becoming dark or blackish),
small, superficial, subglobose or somewhat depressed,^ not unfrequently
crowded, and contain gonimia of moderate size and moniliform, in the thin
cellular texture ” {Nyl. Flora, ut supra). The apothecia, which are large
in proportion to the size of the thallus, are horizontal, and more connected
with the upper than the lower surface of the margin of the thallus.
Hah. On turf walls and on the ground in fissures of rocks in upland and
alpine situations.—Distr. Local and rare in VV. England, N. Ireland, and
the hillv tracts of S. Scotland ; more general in the Grampians, especially
in Breadalhane.—B. M. : Whiteclifte Bocks, near Ludlow, Shropshire.
Kirkmichael and near Mofiat, Dumfriesshire; Habhie’s How, Pentland
Hills, near Ediuburgh; Menstrie Glen, near Stirling; Stronaclachan and
Finlarig, Killin, Ben Lawers and I*ass of Killiecrankie, _ Perthshire ;
Reeky Linn and Clova, Forfarshire. Near Belfast, co. Antrim.
50. SOLORINA Ach. Lich. L n iv . (1810) p. 27 ; Nyl. Flora, 1884,
p. 219.—Thallus fragile, th e cortical layer no t continuous ou th e
under surface, which is sometimes ohsoletely nervose and rhizinose.
Apothecia in n ate , rotundate or oblong, scattered on the upper
surface of th e th allu s ; spores 6—8næ, 4næ, or 2næ, fusiformi-
oblong or ellipsoid, bilocular, brownish or reddish-brown ; hymenial
gelatine (and th e thecæ) bluish with iodine. Spermogones un known.
The rhizinose thallus and innate fructification separate this from the
preceding genus. The apothecia are at first covered with a thalline veil,