r
59. L. spodomela Nyl. Plora, 1876, p. 572, 1886, p. 101.—
Thallus eil'use, th in , opaque, suhleprose, rimoso-diffract, greyish-
brown (K —, CaCl — ). Apothecia small, blackish, th e thalline
margin su b en tire ; spores ellipsoid, usually 1-septate, 0 ,0 1 1 -1 6 mm.
long, 0 ,0 0 6 -7 mm. th ic k ; paraphyses slender, brown a t th e clavate
apices; hymenial gelatine bluish, th en violet, with iodine.—Cromb.
Grovilloa, v. p. 1 0 6 ; Leight. Lioh. PI. ed. 3, p. 221.
A peculiar plant having the aspect of some ally of L. sopJiodes. In
the two specimens seen tlie tliallus is rather scattered and little visible,
being overrun by a foreign plant, but the apothecia are frequent.
Hah. On sandstone rocks in maritime tracts.—Distr. Local and scarce
in N.AV. Ireland.—13. M .; Killery Bay and Kylemore Lake, Connemara,
CO. Galway.
C. Apotheoia lecanorine or subleoideino; spores 8nse, very rarely
16-21 me, ellipsoid, 1- very rarely 3-
septate, brown or blackish, ofteu 2-
Fig. 04.
n u c leo late ; hymenial gelatine bluish
W'ith iodine. Spermogones w ith jointed
sterigmata aud moderate, stra ig h t siier-
matia. (liinodiiia Stiz. Beitr. Klecht.
(1862) p. 169.)
60. L. sophodes Ach. Lioh. Univ. (1810)
p. 356..—Thallus determinate or subdeter- y i
minate, granulate or granulato-areolate, 1
moderate or th innish, olive- or greyish-
brown (K —, CaCl — ) ; hypothallus th in , Lecanora rcioris Nyl.—
blackish, limiting the thallus. Apotheoia »• A spore, x 350. 5.
n , ,, 1 T 1 . 1 Joiiitea sterigmata and
small, plane, usually crowded, brownish- spermatia, x500.
black, th e thalline margin e n tire ; spores,
0 ,0 1 2 -2 0 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 6 -8 mm. thick.—Cromb. Grevillea, xviii.
p. 46 ; Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 450 pro p a rte ; Sm. Eng. El. v. p. 188
pro p a rte ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 49 pro pa rte ; Leight. Lich. PL
p. 224 pro parte, ed. 3, p. 314 pro p a rte .— Lichen so-phodes Aeh.
Prodr. (1798) p. 67. Rinodina exigua y. Tionzft Koerb. Mudd, M an.
p. 148.—B rit. Evs. : Mudd, n. 109.
Usually not rightly separated by authors from L. exigua and L.
roboris. The thallus is generaUy small, macular, thin, distinctly limited
by the hypothallus, rarely thioki.sh and more expanded. I t is always well
fertile, the apothecia being chiefly central and becoming angulose from
mutual pressure.
Hab. On trunks of trees, especially ash, in wooded maritime and upland
tracts.—Distr. Local and scarce in S., AV., and N. Englaud, and in S.
AA'ales.—B. M. : New Forest, Hampshire ; near Anstey’s Cove, Torquay,
S. Devon ; Kemble, AA’ilts ; Donat, Glamorganshire ; Ayton, Cleveland,
Yorkshire.
Yar. ft. malangica Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. (1889) p. 46.—
Thallus effuse, rimuloso-diffract, dark olive-green or blackish, furfuraoeous
on th e surface. Apotheoia minute, s c a tte red ; spores
0 ,0 1 0 -1 8 mm. loug, 0 ,0 0 6 -8 mm. thick.—Forma melangica Leight.
Lioh. El. ed. 3, p. 214. Rinodina leprosa * malangica Norm. Spec,
loo. (1868) p. 103.
A v e ry distinct variety, or probably subspecies, differing in the characters
given of the thaUus aud apothecia. As observed by Th. M. Fries
(Lich. Scand. p. 201), it is very dissimilar in habit to the type, but traiisi-
tion-states are not wanting.
Hab. On trunks of old trees in ,an upland tract.—DisZr. Ouly sparingly
in AV. England.—13. M. : Ilaughmond Ilill, Shropshire.
Subsp. L. læ v ig a ta Nyl. ex Stiz. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. (1882)
p. 358.—Thallus effuse, th in , scattered, or scarcely any visible.
Apothecia ra th e r small, usually lecideoid ; spores 0,0 1 4 -2 0 mm.
long, 0 ,0 0 7 -1 0 mm. thick.—Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. p. 46.—Z.
sophodes ft. lævigata Aoh. Lioh. Univ. (1810) p. 357 ; Cromb. Lioh.
Brit. p. 4 9 ; form lævigata Loight. Lich. El. ed. 3, p. 215.
Characterized by the little developed thallus, the type of the smaller
apothecia, and the thicker spores. Tlie thallus is often evanescent when
the apothecia at length appear as if sublecideine (var. lecideina N jl. ohm,
in Herb. Mus. Fenii. p. 87). This is the ordinary condition ol the plant
in this country, where it does not, as elsewhere, occur corticolous.
Hab. On rocks and walls in maritime and upland situations.—Dfsfr.
Only spariii»ly in a few localities in Great Britain and Ireland.—B. M. ;
Cirencester, Gloucestershire. Island of Lismore, Argyleshire; Craig
Guie, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. Carrigaloe, co. Cork ; Lettermore, Connemara,
CO. Galway.
61. L. ex ig u a Nyl. Flora, 1873, p. 197.—Thallus subeffuse, thin,
unequal, subgranulate or scattered, whitish, pale-greyish or dark
(K—,C a C l - ) : hypothallus indistinct. Apothecia small, plane or
convex, crowded, black or blackish ; th e thalline margin thin, often
somewhat orenulate, w h itish ; hypothecium colourless; spores
0 0 1 1 -1 8 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 6 -8 mm. thick.—Cromb. Grevillea, xviii.
p! 46 ; Sm. Eng El. v. p. 181 .— Binodina e.vigua Gray, Nat. A rr.
i.'p . 4 5 0 ; Mudd, Man. p. 143 pro p a rte . Lecanora sophodes var.
exigua Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 49 ; form exigua Leight. Lich. F l.
p. 224, ed. 3, p. 214. Lichen exiguus Aoh. Prodr. (1798) p. 69 ;
En». Bot. t. 1849. Lichen perieleus (non Aoh.) Eng. Bot. t. 1850.
Lecanora periclea Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 187 ; Tayl. in Mack. 11. Hib.
ii. p. 133. Rinodina p e rid ea Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 449 pro parte.
R exigua ê. periclea Mudd, Man. p. 143.—B r it. E xs. \ Mudd, n.
101-, Larb. Lioh. H b . nos. 169, 261.
Probably descends from Z. sophodes, with which at times it seems subconfluent,'
but diflers in the colour of the more effuse thallus, and especially
in the smaller spores. I t usually spreads extensively, but at times
wlien associated with other crustaceous lichens it is much smaller, though
scarcely limited hy a distinct hypothallus. I t is always w'ell fertile.