t. 1006. Lichenoides endivioe fo liis crispis splendentihds, sidrtns
nigriciintilms Dill. AIuso. 192, t. 25. f. 96.— B rit. E xs. : Aludd,
u. 54 ; Loight. n. 44 ; Eolil. ii. 79.
The thallus ofteu spreads extensively over the suhstratiim to the exclusion
of all other lichens. I t varies in colour from ivory-white above
to pitch-black beneath, and also in the length and hreadtli of the laciniip ;
when more depressed it is ofteu somewhat parmelioid. The apothecia,
which in old qilants become large and deformed, are rare iu this country ;
nor arc the spermogones very common, at least in dried specimens. They
are papilloso-tuberculose, with sterigmata 2-4-aiticiilate, aud spermatia
about 0,007 mm. long, 0,001 mra. thick.
Hal). On trunks of trees, walls, rocks, and on the ground, in upland
and suhalpine localities,—DiV/'. General and usually plentiful in the
niomitainous tracts of Great Dritaiu ; very abundant and luxuriant in the
Central Highlands of Scotland ; not very frequent in Ireland ; rare in the
Cliamiel Islands.—D. AI. : Boulay Bay,' Island of Jersey. Near Sprous-
ton and at Sail, Norfolk ; High Beech, Epping Eorest, Essex ; New 1< orest,
Hants ; Ilay Tor and Lustleigh Cleeve, Dartmoor, Devonshire ; Lamorna
and Helminton, Cornwall ; Charnwood Eorest and Gopsall Bark, I.eices-
tershire; near Alatiock, Derbyshire; Craigforda near Oswestry, Shropshire;
near Barmouth, aud Dolgelly, Alerioueth; Island of Anglesea;
Kildale Aloor, Cleveland, Y orkshire ; teesdale and Cronkley Fell, Durham ;
Stavely Head, Westmoreland; Ashgill, Cumberland.^ New Galloway,
Kirkcudbrightshire ; near Loch Skene, Aloffat, Dumfriesshire ; Peutland
Hills and Swanston AVood, near Edinburgh ; near Inverary and Loch
Elginshire ; Glen Nevis and Loch Ennich, Inverness-shire ; Hills ol
Ap?ilecross, Ross-shire. Killarney, Lough Brui and Fiimcliey Bridge,
CO. Kerry.
Form 1. falla.v Nyl. Syn. i. (1860) p. 314.—Thallus cither
whitish maculate or almost entirely wliitish beneath, th e laciniæ
often more or loss disseoto-flmbriate a t th e margins. Apotbecia as
in th e type.—Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 27 ; Leight. L ich. Fl. p. 103, ed. 3,
p. 98.— Cetraria glauca ft. fa lla x Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. qi. 57 ; Sm. Eng.
F l. V. p. 220 ; Aludd, Alan. p. 80. Lichen fa lla x Web. Spioil. F l.
Germ. (1778) p. 244 ; Dicks. Crypt, fasc. i. p. 13 ; W’ith . A rr. cd. 3,
iv. p. 53 ; Eug. Bot. t. 2373. Lichenoides memhranaeeum, tnbæ Pallo-
p iam e cemidum Dill. AIusc. 165, t. 22. f. 58.— B r it. E xs. : Aludd, n. 55.
Distinguished by the colour of the under surface of the thallus, which is
sometimes variegated with black and white, and at other times is almost
entirely whitish. With us it is very rarely fertile, the state in which
the laciniæ are dissecto-fimbriate [coraUoidea AVallr., Leight. Lich. Fl.
ll. c.) being here as elsewhere always sterile.
Jlah. On the trunks of old trees in shady woods, rarely on moist rocks,
iu upland districts.—Distr. Rather local and scarce iu S., AA’., and N. England,
in Central Scotland, and in S.AV. Ireland.—B. AI. ; Dartmoor,
Devonshire; Helminton, Oornwall; Garth, Dolgelly, Alerionethshire;
Ingleby Park, Cleveland, Yorkshire. Near Inverary, Argyleshire ; Glen
Falloch, Finlarig, Killin, Perthshire; Sidlaw Hills, Forfarshire; Glen
Nevis, Lochaber, Inverness-shire.
Form 2. ampullaceum Cromb. Liuii. Soc. Journ. Bot. xvii.
(1880) p. 572.—’Phidlus vesiouloso-infiated cither towards the
apices of tho laoiuiæ, or hero and th ere throughout. Apothecia
never seen.— Lichen ampullaceus Linn. Sp. IT. (1753) p. 11 4 6 ;
Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 450 ; With. A rr. od. 3, iv. qi. 61. Lichenmdes
tinctorium glabrntn vesiculosum Dill. AIusc. 188, t. 24. f. 82. L i chenoides
saxatile tinctorium fo liis latioribus non piilosis, vesiculas
p r o f evens Dill, in Ray, Syn. ed. 3, p. 74, n. 71.
A monstrosity, caused by the presence of the parasite Ahrothallus
Smithii. The portions of the laciniæ which are the lost become more or
less buHato-inflated (var. Imllala Schær. Enum. p. 13). ’These “ inflated
vesicles” were mistaken by Dillenius and older authors for apothecia.
Ilah. On shady rocks iu upland situations.—Distr. Local and scarce in
N. England (where it was originally detected near Coin, in Lancashire),
and among the N. Grampians.—B, AI. : Craig Cluny, Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
Var. ft. tenuisectam Cromh. Grovillea xv. (1886) p. 49.—Thallus
dark-glaucons or brownish-blaok above, blackish beneath ; laciniæ
short, narrow, much divided and crowded.
A distinct variety, presenting a panniform aspect. The darker colour
of the thallus is probably owing to the habitat. I t is seeu only in a
sterile condition.
Hab. On exposed boulders in mountainous regions.—Distr. Rather
local, though not uncommon in \AT England, N. AVales, among tho
Grampians, and the N.AA’. Highlands of Scotland.—B, AI. : Stiperstones,
Shropshire; Clougha,Lancashire; Rheivgreidden, Alerionethshire. Orian-
larich and Ben Lawers, Pertlisliire ; Alorrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ;
Glen Nevis, Inverness-shire ; Hills of Applecross, Ross-shire.
12. P. lacunosum Nyl. Alem. Soc. Cherb. v. (1857) p. 100 ;
Syn. i. p. 314.—Thallus foliaceo-expanded,retioulato-lacunose, broadly
laciniate, or laciniato-lobed, glaucescent or greyish-white, beneath
blackish or pale-brown towards th e circumference; laoiniæ crenato-
u n dulate and incised, ro tundate a t the apices CaCl“ ),
Aqiothecia elevated, moderate or large, reddisli-brown, the margin
en tire ; spores ellipsoid, 0 ,0 0 6 -8 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 4 -5 mm. thick.—
Carroll, Journ. Bot. 1865, p. 288 ; Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 27 ; Loight.
Lioh. Fl. p. 103, ed. 3, p. 98.— Cetraria lacunosa Aoh. Aleth. (1803)
p. 295.
Distinguished from the preceding, some states of which it closely resembles,
by the much broader and rounded laciniæ, cvith their reticulato-
rugose upper surface. The thallus is frequently more or less isidiiferous,
sometimes densely so, when groiving in moist places. On dry exposed
rocks it is of a dark-chestnut colour, as if it had been scorched. ’The
apothecia have not been found in this country, but the spermogones,
which are similar to those of PI. glaucum, occasionally occur.
Hab. On shady rocks in subalpine districts.—Distr. Local in the S.AA’.
and Central Highlands of Scotland, chiefiy among the Grampians.—B.AI. ;
Glen Falloch. Ben Lawers, aud Craig Calliach, I ’erthshire ; Craig Cluny
and Alorrone,Braemar, Aberdeenshire; near Fort AA’illiam,Inverness-shire.
Q 2