somewhat convex and sublecideine ; spores ellipsoid or oblong, 1 -
septate, 0 ,0 0 9 -1 4 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 4 -6 mm. th ick ; paraphyses sub-
moderate, brownish a t th e apices ; hymenial gelatine deep bluish, then
dark violet w ith iodine.—Eng. Bot. Suppl. t. 2662. f. 2 ; Sm. E ng. El.
V. p. 187 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 49 ; Leight. Lioh. F l. p. 228, ed. 3,
p. 219.— Lecanixi erysibe y . aipospila Mudd, Man. p. 141. Parmelia
aipospila AVahl. in Aoh. Meth. Suppl. (1803) p. 36.—B r it. Exs. :
Cromb. n. 159.
A well-marked species, easily recognized by the papillose thallus and
the situation of the apothecia. In herbaria specimens the thallus is
usually entirely yemiooso-iinequal or papillate, but in nature it is somewhat
radiate at the circumference, and more or less limited by the hypothallus.
When growing in drier situations, it becomes brownish-blaok or
almost black. Tlie apothecia are situated chiefly on the central papillæ,
with the thalline margin eventually excluded. The spermogones are
prominent and frequent towards the circumference of the thallus, with
spermatia arcuate, 0,016-23 mm. long, scarcely 0,001 mm. thick.
Hab. On gi'anitic and schistose rocks in maritime districts.—Histr.
Local though plentiful in the Channel Islands, S.W. and N.E. England,
N.E. Scotland, and S.W. Ireland.—B. AI. ; Le Fret, Island of Jersey ;
Jerbourg, Island of Guernsey. Tolpedn Penwith, near Penzance, Land’s
End, and the Lizard, Cornwall ; Holy Island and Staples Island, Northumberland.
Portlethen and Cove, Kincardineshire ; near Peterhead,
Aberdeenshire. Shirkj' Island, co. Kerry.
A'ar. ft. m a r itim aN y l. Lich. Soand. (1 8 6 1 )p . 158.— Thallus th in ,
granulate-rugose, subcreuate a t th e circumference, greyish, the hypothallus
scarcely visible ; otherwise as in th e typ e.— Cromb. Lich.
Brit. p. 49 ; Leight. Lioh. Fl. p. 229, ed. 3, p. 219.
Characterized by the epapillate, thinner, more continuous thallus, and
by the hypothallus being less distinct. Sommerfelt (Lapp. Suppl. p. 97)
says that the thallus at length becomes griseo-blackish, but this does
not occur iu our few specimens. The apothecia, which are situated on
the granules, are frequently sublecideine.
Hab. On granitic and schistose rocks in maritime districts.—Histr. Very
local and scarce in S.W. and W . England, and in N.E. Scotland.—B. AI. :
Near Penzance, Cornwall ; near Douglas, Isle of Alan. Portlethen, Kin-
caidineshire.
85. L. poliopbæa Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 398 ; Wahl. F l.
Lapp. p. 410, t. 27. f. 3.—Thallus suhdeterminate, granulato-
papilloso-diffract or papilloso-verrucose, greyish- or greenish-brown
(K —) ; hypothaUus fibrilloso-byssoid, whitish, often limiting the
thallus. Apothecia smaU, adnate, plane, dull-brown or brownish, the
thaUine margin thin, crenulate ; spores eUipsoid, simple, 0 ,0 0 7 -1 3 mm.
long, 0 ,0 0 4 -6 mm. thick ; paraphyses slender, the apices incrassate ;
hymenial gelatine bluish w ith iodine.— Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 50 ;
Leight. Lich. FL p. 214, ed. 3, p. 2 0 0 .— Parmelia p d io p hoe a Wahl,
in Ach. Meth. Suppl. (1803) p. 38. Lecanora spodep>heea (AVahl.)
Borr. Eng. Bot. Suppl. t. 2662. f. 3 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 187.—B rit.
E.VS. : Cromb, n. 62.
Differs from the preceding species in the colour of the thallus and hypothallus,
in the character of tlie thalline margin, and in the simple spores.
The papillæ of the thallus, which is either orbicular or somewliat expanded,
are minute, very much crowded, rather fragile, and form a somewhat
thickish and superficially granulose crust. In moister situations it
is more greenish, its usual condition with us ; whence form spodojjhcea
Cromb. {Parmelia spodophæa Wabl. in Ach. Aleth. Suppl. p. 37). ^ The
apothecia are uumerous and crowded, with the thalline margin persistent
and (except in very young apothecia) always crenulate.
Hab. On granitic and schistose roeks in maritime districts.—Histr.
Local, though usually plentiful in the Channel Islands, S.W. England,
and N.E. Scotland.-B. AI. : Le Fret, Island of Jersey. Tolpedn Ben-
with, and near Penzance, Cornwall. Portlethen, Kincardmeshire.
h. Thallus uniform, K + .
86. L. su b fu s c a Nyl. Elora, 1872, p. 250, nota 2 .—Thallus determinate,
th in , subsmooth, or slightly rugoso-unequal, whitish (K +
yellowish, CaCl—). Apothecia moderate,
plane or somewhat convex, brown or reddish-
brown, opaque or somewhat shining, the
th allin e margin entire ; paraphyses slender,
discrete, b rownish a t th e apices ; epithecium
non-granulose ; spores 0 ,0 1 1 -1 6 mm. long,
0 ,0 0 7 -1 0 mm. th io k ; hymenial gelatine
bluish, th en dark-violet (th e theese dark
tawny-coloured) with iodine.—Cromb. Grevillea,
xviii. p . 68.—L . subfusca form argentata
Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 51 ; Leight. Lich.
El. p. 201, ed. 3, p. 186. L . subfusca y .
glabrata Aludd, Alan. p. 146 pro p a rte .
L . subfusca Hook. El. Soot. ii. p. 47, Sm.
E ng. F l. V. p. 189, is a nomen vagum pro
maxima p a rte (u t videtur).—B r it. E xs. :
Larb. Lioh. Herb. n. 217.
Fig. 65.
Lecanora subfusca Nyl.—
a. A spore and para-
pliysia, X 350. b. Sterigmata
and spermatia,
X 500.
A species until recently ill-defined and not well limited, several of
those which immediately follow being either confounded with it or
viewed simply as varieties. These are now separated chiefly by differences
in the paraphyses and epithecium, and also, according to
Nylander I. c., in the size of the spermatia. The typical state includes
Ixcanora subfusca a. argentata Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 393, and y. glabrata
Ach. I. c., which do not difier from each other. The apothecia are usually
more or less crowded, rarely somewhat scattered. The spermogones have
the spermatia 0,016-19 mm. long (fide Nyl. in litt.), and iu this, as in the
allied species, are black above.
Hah. On trunks of trees, rarely on old pales, in maritime and lowland
tracts.—Histr. Seen only from a very few localities in E., S., aud W.
England; no doubt to be detected elsewhere.—B.AI. : Lyndhurst, New
Forest, Hants ; llsham, Torquay, S. Devon ; near Cambridge ; Churchill,
near AVorcester.