leahis Sclireb. Fl. Lips. (1771) p. 125. Lichen Islandicus y Huds.
F l. Angl. ed. 2, p. o3i). Coralloides fru tic u li specie fuscum, spino-
siim Dill. AIusc. ]). 112 pro parte. Lichenoides non tahulosum ramosissimum
fruticuli specie, rufo-nigreseens Dill, in E a j’, Ryu. cd. 3,
p. 6(i, n. iO qiro p a rte .—B r it. K v s.: Aludd, n. 5 0 ; Loight. n. 3 ;
Larb. Lich. H b . n. 103.
A very distinct species, variable in size and degree of spinulosity, and so
giving rise to several ibrms. The apothecia are not common iu Britain,
and the spevmogoues are but occasionally seen. ^ They are very minute,
hliioliisli, situated on tlie apices of the marginal cilia, with spermatia 0,004
mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick.
Hub. Oil the ground iu sandy and gravelly places among grasses and
heath of moorlands in upland "and sub.ilpiue tracts.—D/sO-. Not very
general nor common, though occurring here and there in most parts of
Great B rita iu ; rare in the Channel Iflands ; not seen from Ireland.—
B. AI.: Quenvais, Island of Jersey. North Wootton, Norfolk; Keigate
Heath, Surrey; Lyndhurst Coniinori, Hampshire ; Dartmoor, Devonshire;
■» r 1 T T t l i . T T ./.I • O i l O vm T T ’i'iA rl
Fentlaua liiius near i^Qinoiiiyn ; vjien jjucjulv, jjcu auv^ ajuuaioA
Hill, Perthshire; Baldovan Woods and Clova, Forfarshire ; Lochnagar,
Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Glen Nevis, Inverness-shire; Culbin, Elginshire.
Form 1. b is p id a Cromb. Linn. Soc. Jo u rn . Bot. xvii. (1880)
p. 561. Thallus smaller, more slender and intric ate, densely cæspitose.
Apothecia numerous.—Lichen hispidus Lightf. F l. Root. ii.
(1777) p. 8 8 3 ; W ith . Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 4 3 ; Eng. Bot. t. 452.
Cetraria aculeata var. muricata Aoh., Cromb. Lich. B u t. p. 2 6 ;
Leio-ht. Lich. FL p. 98, ed. 3, p. 93. Coralloides fru tic u li specie
fuscum, spinosum Dill. AIusc. 1 1 2 ,1 .17. f. 31 A.— B r it. Exs. : Leight.
n. 4 ; Aludd, n. 49.
Grows in low dense tufts, about 4 to 1 inch high, and occasionally
spreads verv extensivelv. The thallus is densely branched, more or less
spinulose, arid is often darker in colour than in the type. Usually well
fertile with crowded apothecia, which are sometimes comparatively large.
The suermogones in otherwise barren specimens are numerous.
Hab. On the ground of moorlands in upland and subalpine districts.—
Histr. Frequent in fhe hilly and mountainous tracts of Great Britaiu—
more especially in the Central Highlands of Scotland ; very rare in S.W.
Ireland.—B. AI. ; Ilainault Forest, Essex ; Wokingham Heath, Buckinghamshire
; Lvdd, K en t; Dartmoor, Devonshire; Scilly Islands, Oornwall
; Black Edge, near Buxton, Derhvshire ; Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire
; Longmynd, Shropshire ; Cwm Bychan, Alerionethshire ; Breidden,
Alontgomervshire; near Beverley aud Cleveland, Yorkshire; Kent-
mere, near Kendal, Westmoreland ; Asby, Cumberland. New Galloway,
Kirkcudbrightshire ; Dalmahoy Hill and Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh ;
Ben Lawers, Oraig Tulloch, Rannoch Aloor, Perthshire ; Sidlaw Hills,
Alontrose links, and near Cortachy, Forfarshire ; Glen Dee and Glen
Muick, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Hills of Applecross, Ross-shire. Killarney,
CO. Kerry.
Form 2. a c a n th e lla Nyl. Mém. Soc. Cherb. v. (1857) p. 100.—
Thallus as in the type, b u t very muoh spinuloso-dentioulate th roughout.
Apotheoia few.—Cromb. Jo u rn . Bot. 1870, p. 9 6 ; Leight.
Lioh. Fl. p. 98, ed. 3, p. 93.— Cornicularia sjxadicea y . acanthella
Aoh. Lich. Univ. (1 8 1 0 ) p. 612. Coralloides fru ticu li specie fuscum,
spinosum Dill. Muse. 112, t. 17. f. 31 ii.
Distinguished by the entirely hispido-spinulose or setulose thallus. In
this country the apothecia are very rare. The spermogones are frequently
present in herbaria specimens.
Hab. On the ground among mosses in upland districts.—Distr. Local
and scarce in W. and N. England, N. Wales, and among the N. Grampians,
Scotland.—B. M. : Clifton, near Bristol; Dolgelly, Alerionethshire ;
Farndale, Yorkshire; Prestwick Carr, Northumberland. Clova Mts.,
Forfarshire ; Hill of Ardo near Aberdeen, S. of Lochnagar, Braemar,
Aberdeenshire ; Glen Nevis, Inverness-shire.
5. C. o d o n tella Aoh. Syn. (1814) p. 230.—Thallus densely fru-
ticuloso-cæspitose, depressed, narrowly laciniate ; laciniæ plane, linear,
thill, palmately ramoso-divided, siiinulose a t the margins, spadiceous,
chestnut-brown or pale spadiceous, paler a t th e base, or sometimes
blood-coloured (Iv ~ , CaCl“ ). Apothecia terminal, concolorous,
the margin denticulate ; spores 0 ,0 0 7 -0 1 0 mm. long, about 0,004.5
mm. thick.— Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1882, p. 2 72.—Lichen odontellus
Aoh. Prodr. (1798) p. 213.
This usually forms miuute depressed tufts, andsomewhatresembles form
hispida of the preceding species, hut is distinguished by the plane thin
laciniæ. The thallus closely allies it to C. crispa, from w'hich it is, however,
separated by the characters given. In the ouly specimen found in this
country, apothecia and spermogones are absent.
Hab. Among mosses on rocks in alpine tracts.—Distr. A single
specimen from the N. Grampians, Scotland.—B. AI. ; Cairntoul, Braemar,
Aberdeenshire.
40. PLATYSMA Nyl. Além. Soc. Cherb. v. (1857) p. 100 ; Syn. i.
p. 301.—Flatisma, Hoffm. Deutsch. F l. ii.
(1795) p. 138 qiro minima p a rte (u t seotio Lo-
harioe).—Thallus fruticulose or membranaoeo-
dilated, erect, ascending or appressed, more or
less rigid, lobed or laoiiiiate, concolorous on both
sides or diseolorous ; medullary layer with the
filaments loosely interwoven ; cortical layer more
or less cellular, very ra re ly with tubulose cavities.
Apotheoia diseolorous from thallus, marginal
or submarginal, ra re ly adnate on th e back of
Pig. 43.
the apices of th e laciniæ, tbe margin entire or
c renulate; hv'pothecium colourless; sporos sub-
ellipsoid ; hymenial gelatine bluish w ith iodine.
Spermogones marginal, globulose ; sterigmata
somew'hat simple or pauci-artioulate ; sqier-
matia various (not cylindrical).
Platysma commixtum
Nyl.—a. Section of
uqiper portion of the
thallus, X 200. h.
Vertical section of a
spermogone, X 30.
c. Sterigmata and
speririatia, XoOO.