140. L. sy rin g e a Ach. Vet. Ak. Handl. 1810, p. 75 ; Lioh. Univ.
p. 368.—Thallus effuse, very th iu , or soaroely any visible, glaucous
or greyish-Avbite ( K - , C a C l- ) . Apotheoia small, sessile, a t first
plane with thin, en tire thalline margin, th en convex and immarginate,
brownish or brownish-blaok, naked, or slightly oæsio-pruinose ;
paraphj'ses no t discrete, brownish a t th e apices; spores 8-1 6 næ,
oblong, or elliptico-oblong, obtuse a t th e apices ( l ) - 3-septate, usually
somewhat curved, 0 ,0 1 2 -1 6 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 4 -6 mm. thick ; h y m j
nial gelatine bluish, th en wine-red or violet w ith iodine.—Cromb.
Grevillea, xviii. p. 78.— Parmelia Hageni ß . syringea Aob._ Meth
(1803) p. 163. Lecanora athroocarpa Dub. Cromb. Liob. Brit. p. 53
pro pa rte ; Leigbt. Lioh. F l. p. 231 pro parto, ed. 3, p. ^ 223 pro
parte. L. athroocarpa var. fuscella (Schaer), Cromb. Lioh. Brit.
I. c. ; Leight. Lioh. F l. p. 232, ed. 3, I. c. Leeania fuscella Mudd,
Man. p. 140 (corticola), t. ii. f. 45.
Thougb tbe specific name of Acharius is more circumscribed and refers
rather to a form of i . athroocarpa Dub. (Bot. Gall. ii._ p. 669), it
may on the ground of priority be retained. The plant is somewhat
variable, at times not unlike L. Hageni and again resembling some
Lecidea near L. vernalis, according to the character of the apotliecia.
These are often croivded, and are then more or less biatoroid.
Hah On the trunks and branches of trees, chiefly poplar and m a je ,
in maritime and upland tra c ts .-D fs ir. Only very sparingly m S and W.
Enteand —B. M. : Near Brading, Isle of Wight; Glynde, Sussex ; Brockenhurst
and near Stoney Cross, New Forest, Hants ; llsham, near Torquay,
S. Devon ; near the Beck, Malvern, Worcestershire,
Form m e ta b o lic a Nyl. Lioh. Soand. (1861) p. 169 (sub L. athroocarpa)
—ThaUus very th in , wh itish or greyish-wbito. Apothecia
minute, biatorine, dark-brown _ or nearly black.—X. athroocarpa
var. metabolica Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 53 ; Leight. Liob. Fl. p. 2 3 +
ed. 3, p. 224. Lecanora rnetaboliea Ach. Licb. Univ. (1810) p. 351.
Only a form with smaller, darker, more constantly biatorine apotliecia.
These in our specimens are also more scattered than in the type, with
which probably it is confluent.
Hab. On trunks and branches of maple in maritime districts.—
Extremely local in the Channel Islands and S. E n g la n d .-B . M.;
Trinity, Island of J ersey. Brading, Isle of W'ight.
141. L. N y la n d e ria n a Nyl. ex Norrl. Sallsk. pro F . e t Fl. Fenn.
i ( 1876) p 24 —Thallus effuse, granulato-unequal, rimoso-areolate,
sordid-greyish-white ( K - , C a C l- ) . Apotheoia gubmoderate a t
first plane w ith th in thalline margin, a t length convex and often
immarginate, brown or brownish-black, glauco-pruinose or occasionally
n a k ed ; spores 8næ, 3-septate, oblong or subfusiform,
s t r a i g h t (very rarely slightly curved), 0 ,0 1 4 -2 0 mm. long, 0,004o
mm th ick • paraphyses jointed, brownish a t th e thickened apices ;
hymenial gelatine bluish, then wine-red with màme.— Lecama
Nylanderiana Mass. Sobed. crit. (1855) p. 152. X. cmrulescens
Mudd Alan p 140, t. 2. f. 46. Lecanora athroocarpa form ecerulescens
Cromb. Licb. Brit. p. 53 ; Loight. Lioh. Fl, p. 231, ed. 3,
p. 223.—Brit. Evs. : Leight. n. 294 ; Aludd, n. 103.
Closely allied to the preceding species, but among other characters,
apart from habitat, separated by the thecæ being definitely 8-spored, tho
spores themselves being normally straight. Mudd describes the tliallus
of his plant, which is evidently only a state, as beiii» leadeu-greyisli and
pruinose, both of which characters disappear iu Herbaria specimens.
The apothecia are numerous and aggregate, with the margin, when persistent,
at length undulate and angulose from their confluence.
Hab. On old walls in upland situations.—Distr. Very sparingly in AV.
and N. England.—B. M. ; Preston, uear Cirencester, Gloucestershire;
near Alarske, Cleveland, Yorkshire.
Var. p . cæ ru leo ru b e lla Cromb.—Thallua thiokish, granuloso-
leprose, sordid-greyish or cæsious. Apotheoia iiinato-sessilo, scattered,
reddish or d a rk -red , tb e th allin e margin whitish, persistent.
— Leeania ccerulescens, var. p . cæruleorubella Mudd Man. (1861)
p. 141.
Probably a good variety, judging from the two specimens seen. I t is
characterized by the more piilveruleiit thallns, the less prominent, more
scattered apothecia aud their persistent thalline margin, otherwise it is
similar to the type.
Hab. On old walls (arenaceous) in an upland district.—Distr.
Extreniely local and scarce in N. E n g lan d .-B . M. ; Near Ayton, Cleveland,
Yorkshire.
142. L. d im e ra Nyl. Not. Siillsk. pro F . e t FI. Fenn. Fiirh. xi.
(1871) p. 184.— Thallus effuse, very th iu , greyish-white, or scarcely
any visible (K f+ y e llow ish , CaCl — ). Apotheoia minute, biatorine,
convex, pale- or dark-brownish, naked, th e margin th in , evanesc
en t; paraphyses not well discrete, brownish a t the apices; epithecium
K + pale rose-coloured; spores 8næ, oblong or subellipsoid,
1 -septate, usually somewhat curved, 0 ,0 1 2 -1 8 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 4 -6
mm. th ick ; hymoiiial gelatine bluish, then wine-reddish or violet
w ith iodine.—Cromb, Grovillea, xviii. p. 70.— Lecanora athroocarpa
subsp. dimera Nyl. Lieh. Scand. (1861) p. 169.
Alight readily be taken for X. syringea but for the number of the less
divided spores. In the single British specimen, which is Avell fertile,
the thallus forms small, somewhat scattered maculæ on the substratum.
The young apothecia are distinctly lecanorine, but the thalline margin
speedily disappears.
Hab. On the smooth bark of a poplar in an upland district.—Distr.
As yet only very sparingly in the N. Grampians, Scotlaud.—B. AI. :
Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
143. L. rh y p a riz a Nyl. Ofvers. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1860, p. 296 ;
Lich. Soand. p. 169.—Thallus effuse, granulose or granuloso-
squamulose, pale, or pale-lurid-greyish, th e granules (or squa-
2 o