rate, concave, pale or flesh-coloured, fibrilloso-oiliate a t the margins ;
sjiores shortly ellipsoid, 0 ,0 0 9 -1 1 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 6 -7 mm. thiok.—
Cromb. Jo u rn . Linn. Soo. Bot. xvii. p. 555.— Usnea harhata i. dasypoga
Aludd, Alan. p. 6 9 ; Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 2 3 ; Loight. Lioh.
Ll. p. 84, ed. 3, p. 76. Usnea p lieata y. dasygwga Aoh. Aleth.
(1803) p. 312. Usnea harhata Hook. Ll. Soot. ii. p. 70 pro p a rte ;
Sm. Eug. El. V. qj. 231 pro parto. Lichen harhatus Huds. Fl. Angl.
p. 462 ; Lightf. F l. Scot. ii. p. 890 ; Eng. Bot. t. 258. f. 2. Usnea
harhata loris tenuihusfibrosis Hill. AIusc. 63, t. 12. f. 6.—The sq/ecific
name of harhatus Linn, having been apqdied to th e aggregate species
of recent authors, it is b e tte r to adopt th e la te r name in order to
qirevent confusion.
Histiuguisbed from U. florida by tbe elongate, pendulous tballus with
its loug divergent branches, and by the smaller aud fewer apotbecia.
Tlie thallus, as is tbe case iu other species, is in old plants sometimes
very spariugly articulate towards the base, and occasionally also consists
merely of one or two elongate branches, which at first sight are not
unlike those of U. longissima Ach., which does not occur iu this country.
I t is often widely spreading and cephalodiiferous, and from its appearauce
is best entitled to the name of “ bearded.” AVith us it is very
rarely seen in f ru it; when present tbe apothecia are scattered and chiefly
subterminal.
Hab. On the trunks of trees, chiefly firs, in wooded upland tracts.—
Histr. Somewhat local in S. and N. Englaud, N. Wales ; more common
among tbe Grampiiius, Scotland ; not seeu from Ireland.—B. AI.: Dartmoor,
Lydford, aud near Totnes, S. Devon; near Dolgelly and Rhewgreidden,
Alerionethshire; Ilafod, Cardiganshire; Teesdale Forest, Durham
; lugleby, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Lamplugh, Cumberland. New
Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire; Irech Ard, Killin, and Ben Lawers,
Perthshire; Deerhill Wood, Forfarshire; Alar Forest, Aberdeenshire;
Rothiemurchus AVoods, Inverness-shire.
A’ar. p. p lie a ta Nyl. Flora, 1885, p. 299.—Thallus smooth, sub-
dichotomously b ra n c h e d ; branches lax, entangled, subarticulate,
very sparingly or non-tibrillose, the ultimate ones capillary. Apotheoia
somewhat small, concave or a t length plane.—Cromb. Grevillea,
XV. p. 48.— Usnea harhata y. plieata Aludd, Alan. p. 69 pro
p a rte ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 23 pro pa rte ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 85
pro parte, ed. 3, p. 76 pro parte. Usnea plieata Gray, Nat. Arr. i.
p. 403 (excl. v a rs .); Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 70 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. p. 226.
Lichen plicatus Aoh. Prodr. (1798) p. 2 2 5 ; En g . Bot. t. 257
(atypical, and referable ra th e r to dasypoga).—As th ere is no specimen
of Lichen pUcatus in Herb. Linn., it is very doubtful if this be
th e plan t he intended by th a t name.
This, regarded by Nylander as a variety of U. dasypoga, has been little
understood by lichenologists. I t is distinguished by the thallus being
quite smooth, very spariugly fibrillose (in its more typical state efibril-
lose), and the branches more lax and entangled. The older branches are
somewhat articulato-diffract, and tbe ultimate ones attenuate, filiform.
Only one of our British specimens is quite typical and well fertile.
Hah. On the branches of trees, chiefly larch, in wooded mountainous
regions.—Histr. Local and scarce among the Qramquan.», Scotland.—■
B. AI.; Stronaclacban Woods, Killin, Perthshire; near Corriemulzie,
Braemar, Aberdeenshire (typical) ; Rothiemurcbus Woods, luverness-
shire ; Dulcie, by tbe Findhorn, Alorayshire.
Var. y. soahrata Nyl. Flora, 1885, p. 299.— Thallus rough with
more or less crowded, slightly elevated papillæ ; branches somewhat
strict, nearly efibrillose. Apothecia small.—Cromb. Grevillea, xv.
p. 48. — Usnea scahrata Nyl. Flora, 1875, p. 1 0 3 ; Cromb. Journ.
Bot. 1882, p. 27.
Differs from the preceding variety in having tbe branches scabrid and
not subarticulate. From Ù. ceratina, which it also resembles, it is distinguished
by the absence of patent branches. The British specimens are
short, about 6 inches long, often verrucoso-sorediiferous, aud are for the
most part sterile.
Hah. On the trunks aud branches of larches in mountainous woods.—
Distr. Probably general in the fir forests of the Scottish Highlands,
though seen only from a few localities in S. Scotlaud aud among the
Grampians.—B. AI. ; New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire ; Strouaclachan
Woods, Killin, and Beu Lawers,Perthshire; near Corriemulzie, Braemar,
Aberdeenshire.
4. U. ceratina Ach. Lioh. Univ. (1810) p. 610.—Thallus elongate,
subpendulous, rigid, papilloso-scabrous, a t length verruooso-
sorediate, muoh and variously branched, pale-greyish or yellowish ;
th e branches p a tent, diffuse, more or less fibrillose. Apothecia
moderate or somewhat large, slightly concave, couoolorous, sometimes
pruinose, th e margin with long, stout, recurved cilia, the
receptacle beneath papilliferous ; spores 0 ,0 u 7 -9 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 5 -7
mm. th ick .—Cromb. Jo u rn . Linn. Soo. Bot. xvii. p. 554.— Usnea
barhata var. ceratina Cromh. Jo u rn . Bot. 1872, p. 232 ; Leight.
Lich. F l. p. 85, ed. 3, p. 77. Lichen plicatus Huds. Fl. A rg l. p. 461 ;
Lightf. F l. Soot. ii. p. 889 ; AVith. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 50. Usnea
vidgaris loris longis implexis Dill. AIuso. 56, t. 11. f. 1. Muscus
arhoreus, Usnea oflieinarum Dill, in Ray, Syn. ed. 3, p. 64, n. 1.—■
B r it. Exs. : Aludd, n. 36.
Generali}’ confounded by Britisli authors with var. jxUcata of the preceding
species, from whicli it is readily distinguished by the numerous
papillæ or short fibrils, which give it so very rough an appearauce. It
is A’ery variable in size, mode of branching, aud degree of fibrillositv,
while in old plants it is sometimes sparingly articulate at the base. Tlie
apothecia iu this country are seldom present.
Hab. On the trunks and branches of old trees in upland w’oods.—Distr.
General and common in S., W., and N. England, in N. Wales, and the
Grampians, Scotlaud ; not seen from Ireland or the Channel Islands.—
B. AI. : Lydd, Kent; Bexhill, Sussex; Isle of AA’ig h t; Lyndhurst, New
Forest, and Woodcote AA'ood, Hampshire ; Beckey Falls, S. Devon ;
Roughton and Bocconoc, Cornwall ; Annet Island, Scilly ; near Alalvern,
Worcestershire; Naunau, near Dolgelly, and Harlech, Alerionethshire;
Hafod, Cardiganshire; Island of Anglesea; Ingleby Park, Cleveland,
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