the apothecia in this species. In damp shady places it is greener but
barren, so th a t it may be taken for a brightly coloured state of some sub-
concolorous lichen. Scattered amongst the ordinary granules are larger
aud more prominent ones bearing tlie apothecia, which iu our specimens
are tew and small. The spermogones are frequent, puiictiform,
minute, blackish, the sterigmata very short, the spermatia 0,005-7 mm.
long, 0,0025-35 mm. thick.
Hab. On old pales, generally about gardens, very rarely on trees, in
lowbuid and upland districts.—Histr. Very local, at least in a well-
developed state, having been gathered only sparingly in the Eastern
counties of England, and now extinct in several of the recorded localities.
B. M. : Near Yarmouth, Suffolk ; AValthamstow, Loughton, and Colchester,
Essex ; Ilerringfleet, Suffolk.
2. T. tyinpanella Er. Sum. Veg. (1846) p. 282.—Thallus effuse,
granulose or granuloso-concreacent, moderate or thinnish, grey or
greyish-white (K-f-). Apotheoia moderate or large, clevato-sessile,
plane, black, slightly groy-prninose or naked, th e margin prominent,
black, often white-pruinose, a t length evanescent ; spores
1-septate, 0 ,0 1 0 -1 8 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 7 -1 2 mm. thiok.—Cromb. Lich.
Brit. p. 14 ; Leight. Lioh. El. p. 48, ed. 3, p. 47.—Acolium tym - .
panellum Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 482 ; Aludd, Alan. p. 254, t. iv.
f. 101. Calicium tympanellmn Aoh. Aleth. (1803) p. 80 ; Turn. &
Borr. Lich. Br. p. 134 ; Sm. Eng. El. v. p. 139. Lichen inquinans
Eng. Bot. t. 810.— B rit. Exs. : Leight. n. 88 ; Aludd, n. 240 ;
Cromb. n. 114.
AAnth its sessile apothecia this might readily be taken for some Lecidea
(such as L. 271-emnea). The tballus, whicli is thickish with the granules
confluent, or very thin (nearly evanescent), spreads extensively over the
substratum, but occasionally, when surrounded by other lichens, it is
small. The apothecia are very numerous, at first somewhat protuberant,
but at length plane, large—the largest in the tribe. AVhen touched the
mazædium, which is sometimes considerably protruded, stains the lingers
with an inky colour.
Hab. On old posts and pales, rarely on the bark of trees iu upland
districts.—Histr. General, aud usually plentiful, in various parts of
England, and rare in E. Ireland.—B. AI. : Earsham, Norfolk ; Yarmouth
and Ickworth, Suffolk ; AValthaiustow aud Colchester, Essex ; Totteridge,
Aliddlesex ; Elstree, Herts; Pensluirst and Lydd, Ken t; Albonrne,
Sussex ; Nerv Forest, Hants ; near AA'ootton Basset, Gloucestershire ;
near Alalvern, AA^orcestershire ; Gopsall Park, Leicestershire ; Harboro’
Alagna, AA^'arwicksbire ; Herbysbire ; Oswestry, Hauglimond Hill, aud
near Shrewsbury, Shropshire; Rosedale, Yorkshire. Curraglimore, co.
AA’aterford.
3. T. stigonella F r. Sum. Veg. (1846) p. 282.— Thallus none
jiroper. Apothecia parasitic, small or moderate, scarcely prominent,
plane, black, naked, the margin prominent, concolorous, or sometimes
pruinose, a t length evanescent ; spores 1 -septate, obtusely
rounded at e ith e r apex, 0 ,0 0 9 -1 7 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 7 -1 0 mm. thiok.
—Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 15 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 49, ed. 3, p. 47 .—
Acolium stiqonellum Aludd, Alan. p. 254. C a lic jm stigonellum
Ach. Aleth. (1803) p. 88, pro parte. C a lic ium ^ s sile fi.
Tu rn & Borr. Lioh. Br. p. 1 2 8 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 138.—B n i.
E.VS. : Leight. n. 226 ; Cromb. n. 11.
This snecies is closely allied to the preceding, but is distinguished by
the smaller and constantly naked, somewhat scattered apotbecia, and by
its being entirely parasitic. , , , . , ,
Hab On the tballus of various Bertusarioe, on old oaks, in
,„oods —Disir. General, though not common, throughout England.
P At - Boning Forest, Essex; Shiere, Surrey; St. Leonards Imiest,
L sæ x '; ¿eal ^y n d ïu rst, New Forest, ilau ts ; Oakley C « -
+ Planpo<5tprsliire • Hendlip near AVorcester; Cropsall NVood,
Durham.
Tribo I I S P H Æ E O P H O E . E I Nyl. Alom. Soo. Cherb.
iii. (1855) p. 1 6 8 : Syn. i. p. 109.
Thallus vertical, frutiouloso-divided or ramulose, subgloboso-
inorassate a t the apices, within entirely filamentose. Apothecia
terminal, innate, a t first closed, a t length with
irreo-ularlylacero-dehiscent ; sporal mass copious, black , spores 8næ,
In i e s o e n t theoæ, simple or 1 -sep tate, spherical or ellipsoid,
blackish or brown. Spermogones terminal, black or pale.
Tbis is closely allied to the preceding tribe. Their tballi are no doubt
v e l y d iK n t Z f l r m and t e x Z e ; but the fully developed fructification
of the Sphoerophorei is similar to that of the Caliciei.
25. SPHÆROPHORUS
Pers. in Ust. xinn.
vii. (1794) p. 23. {SplM-
roplioron Ach. Aleth.
(1 8 0 3 )p .l3 4 .)—Thallus
cæspitoso - frutioulose,
branched, smooth, fragile
; medullary layer
white, woolly ; cortical
layer corneous, somew
h a t shining. Apotheoia
situated on th e dilated
apices of th e primary
axes, paraphyses very _
sc an ty ; spores covered Fig. 28.
w ith a black pigment. Spiffropfori« A c h V e r ^
Spermogones black w ith «j!“" oV
short, jointed sterigmata naked), x .500. d. Vertical section of
and oblong spermatia. spermogonium, x30. e. Arthrostengmat-.i
aud spcrinalia, X.iOO.