' n i
(ire evidently referable to Nylaiider’s plant, the tiiulius at first appears as
small scattered ink-like stains upon the substratum, which at length become
confluent, so that it spreads extensively without any distinct limits.
For the greater part it is only hypothalline, but here and there a few thalline
verrucæ are present, coloured blackish with smoke, as are also the
gonidia (form fumigata Cromh.). The apothecia are numerous and
crowded.
Hah. On composite walls and pillars of houses in lowland tracts.
—Histr. Confined apparently to the more open suhurban districts of
London, where it is not uncommon.—B. M. ; Camden Town and Notting
Hill, London ; Crystal Palace, Surrey.
Subsp. 2. L. d isp e rsa Nyl. Flora, 1873, p. 291.—Thallus obsolete
or en tirely wanting. Apothecia minute, more or less scattered,
pale-livid, subcarneous or blackish, naked or pruinose, th e thalline
margin white, entire or suborenulate; spores 0 ,0 0 9 -1 4 mm. long,
0 ,0 0 4 5 -6 0 mm. thiok ; paraphyses slender, usually slightly incrassate
a t th e apices.—Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. p. 6 8.~Le ca n o ra galactina
form dispersa Leight. Lich. F l. p. 206, ed. 3, p. 190.
A good subspecies, characterized chiefly by the absence of a distinct
thallus. I l spreads extensively over the substratum, and as it occasionally
grows associated with less developed states of the type, it probably
descends from some of these. The apothecia are usually somewhat scattered,
though at times rather crowded in the same specimen.
Hab. On rocks and walls in maritime and upland tracts.—Dfsfr. Only
here and there in Great Britain and Ireland ; not seen from the Channel
Islands.—B. AI. : Hyde beach. Isle of Wight ; Cirencester, Gloucestershire
; near Oswestry, Shropshire ; Hartlepool, Durham ; Cuuswick Scar,
AA’estmoreland. Acbosragan Hill, Appin, Argyleshire; Craig Tulloch,
Blair Athole, and Glen Lochay, Killin, Perthshire ; Alorrone, Braemar,
Aberdeenshire. Clifls of Aloher, co. Clare; Delphi, Connemara, co.
Galway.
81. L. urbana Nyl. e/r Cromb. Jo u rn . Bot. 1885, p. 195.—Thallus
suhdeterminate, moderate, granulato-squamulose, white, opaque ;
granules depressed, crenate or suborenate (K—). Apotheoia mode?
ra te , crowded, pale, more or less white-suffused, th e thalline margin
suberennlate ; spores ellipsoid, 0 ,0 1 1 -1 4 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 5 -7 mm.
th io k ; paraphyses thickish, jointed, no t clavate a t th e apices; hy menial
gelatine bluish, th e theoæ a t length sordid-violet or bluish
with ioAvao.—Lecanora galactina subsp. urbana Nyl. Bull Soo Bot
t. xiii. (1866) p. 368.
Difiers from L. galactina in the thicker, whiter thallus, the longer
spores, and more especially in the paraphyses being twice or thrice as
thick and distinctly articulate. In the British specimens the apotheein
are numerous, crowded, often suhaiigulose, with thickish, slightly crenate
margin.
Hab. On mortar of old walls near towns in lowland districts.—Disfr
Only in S. England and S. Ireland ; no doubt to be detected elsewhere —?
B. AL: Near Dorking, Surrey; Folkestone, Kent; Lewes, Sussex
Cork.
82. L. lívida Aoh. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 375.—Thallus in d ete rminate,
pale-whitish or livid, sqiiamuloso- diffract; squamules adnate,
contiguous, moderate, usually crenulate a t the margins (K —). Apothecia
minute, more or less immersed, several in each squamule,
plane or sliglitly convex, concolorous with tlie thallus or livid flesh-
coloured, the thalline margin entire, scarcely p rom in e n t; spores
ellipsoid, 0 ,0 1 0 -1 2 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 5 -7 mm. th ic k ; hymenial gelatin
e fa in tly bluish, th en tawny wine-red with iodine.—Cromb. Grevillea,
xviii. p. 68.— Lecanora galactina var. livida Nyl. in Cromb.
Lioh. Brit. p. 50 ; Leight. Lich. El. p. 207, ed. 3, p. 190.
Now regarded by Nylander in litt. as a distinct species allied to L.
galactina rather than to L. saxicola, under which he mentions it, Lich.
Scand. p. 133, as belonging doubtfully to subgenus Squamaria. From
the other species of this subsection it is readily distinguished by the
thallus and apothecia. Our few British specimens are well fertile.
Hah. On calcareous walls in upland districts.—Distr, Seen only from
N. England aud the S.AA’. Highlands of Scotland.—B. AI.: AA’ansbeck
A’alley, Northumberland. Appin, Argyleshire.
83. L. subluta Nyl. E lora, 1876, p. 232.—Thallus indeterminate,
continuous or dispersed, th in , minutely granulose, whitish (K - ).
Apothecia small, crowded, pale-yellow or yellow-sublivid, th e th a lline
margin su b c reu a te ; s¡)ores ellipsoid, 0 ,0 1 0 -1 2 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 5 -6
mm. thiok ; paraphyses no t very d is tin c t; hymenial gelatine bluish,
th en wine-red w ith iodine.— Cromb. Grevillea, v. p. 1 0 6 ; Leight.
Lioh. Fl. ed. 3, p. 190.
Evidently belongs to this subsection, though the spermogones have not
been detected. In the specimens seen the thallus is, with a single exception,
somewhat scattered and developed chiefly about the apothecia.
These are numerous, and from mutual pressure often become difform.
Hah. On calcareous rocks in upland situations.—Distr. Local in N.AV.
Ireland and the S. Grampians, Scotland.—B. AI. : Recess and Dawros
River, Connemara, co. Galway. Ben Lawers, Perthsliire.
Form perspersa Nyl. Flora, 1876, p. 233.—Thallus obsolete.
Apotheoia distan tly s c a tte re d ; otherwise as in the type.—Cromb.
Grevillea, v. p. 106 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 190.
Differs merely in the absence of a thallus (though traces of it are
rarely seen) and in the scattered apothecia, which are somewhat smaller.
Hab. On rocks in upland situations.—Distr. Only in N.AV. Ireland.—
B. AI.: Dawros River, Connemara, co. Galway.
84. L. aipospila Aoh. Lioh. Univ. (1810) p. 385.—Thallus suborbicular
or expanded, tuberculose or papillate towards th e centre,
radiately sulcate or crenulate a t th e circumference, thinnish or moderate,
brown or greyish-brown (K—) ; hypothallus dark, limiting the
thallus or obsolete. Apotheoia small, innato-sessile on th e papiUae,
brown or blackish, a t first plane with entire thalline m argin, a t length