Var. p. campestris Nyl. Elora, 1873, p. 108.—Tliallus granuloso-
verrucose, greyish-white or grey. Apotheoia small or submoderate,
tho thalline margin eutire or a t times suberennlate.—Cromb. Grevillea,
xviii. p. 68.—L. subfusca f. campestris Mudd, Man. p. 147 ;
Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 51. L . subfusca forma argentata Leight. Lich.
Fl. p. 201, ed. 3, p. 186 pro parto. Lecanora subfusca Hook. Fl.
Scot. ii. p. 47 pro parte (i. e. saxicola); Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 189 pro
parto (i.e . saxicola). Lich enpunctatus Dicks. Crypt, faso. iii. p. 15,
Eng. Bot. t. 450, W ith . Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 15, according to specimens
in Hb. Sowerby, is a young sta te o l th is variety w ith darker
apothecia.—B rit. Exs. : Larb. Lioh. Hb. n. 99.
Diifers from the type, of which probably it is only a sa-vicolous form,
in the thallus being more unequal (though transitiou-states are not
wanting) and in tlie thalline margin of the apothecia being occasionally
slightly crenulate. The thallus is rarely somewhat expanded and is
usually well fertile. I t is at times the host of a parasitic Endococcus
hereafter to be described.
Ilah. On rocks and walls, rarely on the ground, from maritime to
upland districts.—Distr. General and common throughout Great Britain
and Ireland, as also iu the Channel Islauds.—B. M. ; St. Ouen’s Bay,
Island of Jersey ; The Vale, Island of Guernsey. Near Yarmouth,
Suffolk ; Hastings, Sussex ; Shanklin, Isle of Wight ; Anstey’s Cove,
Torquay, S. Devon ; Withiel and near Fenzance, Cornwall ; Stormy
Down, Glamorganshire ; Llandyssil, Cardiganshire ; Barnsley Park, near
Cirencester, Gloucestershire ; Grecha Mt., Isle of Man ; near Ayton,
Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Eglestone, Durham; Ilelsington, Cumberland ;
near Kendal, Westmoreland; Cliollerfoiff, Northumberland. PWest
Water, Fifeshire ; Acbosragan Hill, Appin, Argyleshire ; Glen Lyon
and Glen Fender, Perthshire ; Cove, Kincardineshire ; near Aberdeen.
Cork Harbour and Kinsale, co. Cork ; near Kilkee, co. Clare; Bally-
nahinch, Dawros Bridge and Lettermore, Connemara, co. Galway.
87. L. spodophæoides Nyl. E lora, 1872, p. 250, nota 2, nomen.—
Thallus determinate, thinnish, rugulose, g re jish (K + yellowish,
CaCl—) ; hypothallus whitish, byssino-radiating. Apotheoia small,
plane, black-sanguineous, often crowded and angulose, the thalline
margin subentire or suborenulate; spores ellipsoid, 0 ,0 1 2 -1 6 mm.
long, 0 ,0 0 7 -8 mm. th ic k ; paraphyses moderate, subarticulate, sub-
clavate a t th e agglutinate apices ; epitheoium deep yellow-brown ;
hymenial gelatine (especially th e thecæ) bluish w ith iodine.—L. subfusca
var. spodophæoides, Cromb. Grevillea, i. p. 171 ; Leight. Lich.
FL ed. 3, p. 188.
Approaches var. ft of the preceding species, hut the characters of the
hypothallus, apothecia, aud paraphyses render it distinct. In the single
entire specimen gathered the thallus is but of moderate size, and is
distinctly limited liy the hypothaUus. The spermogones are frequent,
with spermatia 0,025 mm. long, 0,0006 mm. t h i c k , / * Nyl., to whom I
owe also the diagnosis of the plant.
Hab. On a mica-schist wall in an upland district.—Distr. Very local
and rare in the Central Grampians, S co tlan d .-B. M. : Craig Tulloch,
Blair Athole, Perthshire.
88. L. a llo p h a n a Nyl. Elora, .1872, p. 250, n ota 2.—Thallus
determinate, unequal, rugose or granulato-corrugate, whitish or
greyish-white (K + yellowish, CaCl — ). Apothecia moderate, plane or
slightly convex, brown or brownish-blaok ; the thalline m argin entire,
a t length subcrenato and flexuose ; paraphyses slender, no t discrete
a t th e apices ; epitheoium continuous (not granulose) ; spores 0 ,0 1 3 -
22 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 8 -1 2 mm. thiok ; hymenial gelatine bluish, the
theoæ violet-oolonrcd with iodine.—Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. p. 68.—
L . subfusca form cdlophana Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 51 ; Leight. Lich.
El. p. 200, ed. 3, p. 185. L. subfusca r¡. allophana Aoh. Lich. Univ.
(1810) p. 395. Lichen subfuscus Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 444 pro p a rte ;
Eng. Bot. t. 219. Lichenoides crustaceum et leprosum scutellis suh-
/ u sm Dill, in Bay' Syn. ed. 3, p. 71 pro p a rte ; Muso. 134, t. 18.
fig. 16.—B rit. Exs. ; Leight. n. 116 pro p a rte ; Bohl. ii. 35.
At one time Nylander, like some other authors, regarded this as the
type of L. subfusca. This is so far warranted also by its being Lichen
subfuscus Linn. (Fl, Suec. 1755, p. 409) pro maxima parte, according to
specimens in his own herbarium ; but it is better to adopt tbe nomenclature
of Acharius as having a definite signification. I t differs from
L. subfusca chiefly in the more rugose thallus, the form of the thalline
margin of the apothecia, the more conglutinate paraphyses, the smaller
spores, and the size of the spermatia, which {fide N jl. in litt.) are 0,018-
24 mm. long.
Hab. On trunks of trees from maritime to upland districts.—Distr.
Not uncommon in England ; apparently rare in N. Wales, the S.W.
Highlands of Scotland, and S.W. Ireland ; probably often overlooked.—
B.M. : Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk; Lyndhurst, New Forest, Hants; St.
Leonard’s Forest, Sussex ; Lustleigh, S. Devon ; Windsor Great Park,
Berkshire ; Twycross, Leicestershire ; near Worcester ; near Shrewsbury,
Shropshire ; Aberdovey, Merionethshire ; Ayton, Cleveland, Y orkshire.
Finlarig, Killin, Perthshire; Inverary, Argyleshire. Castle-
connell, co. Limerick.
89. L. epihryon Ach. Syn. (1814) p. 1 5 5 ; Nyl. Flora, 1872,
p. 250.—Thallus suhdeterminate, verruculose or granuloso-con-
cresoent, w hite (K + yellowish, CaCl—). Apothecia somewhat large,
plane, brown or reddish-brown ; th e thalline margin th in , entire,
often flexuose ; paraphyses slender ; epithecium non-granuiose ;
spores 0 ,0 1 4 -2 3 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 8 -1 1 mm. th ick ; hymenial gelatine
bluish, th e thecæ a t length dark-wine-red with iodine.—Cromb.
Grevillea, xviii. p. 68.— Lecanora subfusca var. epihryon pro parte
Mudd, Man. p. 1 4 7 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 5 1 ; Leight. Lioh. Fl.
p. 203, ed. 3, p. 187. Lichen epihryon Ach. Prodr. (1798) p. 79.
Usually confounded by British authors with terricolous states of var. ft
of L. subfusca. I t is, however, a plant of a more alpine type, and is well
characterized hy the much larger apothecia and spores. The only British
specimen is well fertile ; but the few spermogones visible have become
partially abraded. These elsewhere {fide Nyl. in litt.) have the spermatia
0,015-18 mm. long.
Hab. On decayed mosses on the ground in mid-alpine situations.-^