General anti common in the mountainou.s tracts of Great Britain, especially
in tlie Scottisli Jliglilands ; apparently rare in S. aud AV. Ireland
and in the Clmunel Islands.—B.AI.: Island of Alderney. Eridge Kochs
aud Ardingley, Sussex; New Forest, Ilampsliire; uear Soutli Brent,
Devon ; uear Penzance and Helminton, Cornwall ; Savernalce Forest,
Wiltshire ; Charnwood Forest, Leicestersliire ; Alalvern, AA’oreestershire ;
Black Edge, Buxton, Derbyshire; AA'rekin llill, Shropshire ; Lambeth,
S. AVales; Barmoutli and near Dolgelly, Alerionethshire; Cleveland,
Yorkshire; Kentmere, AA’estiuorelaud ; Keswick, Cuiiiberland. Dalmahoy
Crags, near Edinburgh; near Ileleiishurgh, Dumbartonshire;
Appin, Argyleshire ; Ben Lawers and near Diinkekl, Perthshire ; Clova
and Oortaeliy, Forfarshire ; Crathes, Aberdeensliire ; Glen Callater, Alor-
roiie, aud Ben Avon, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Glen Nevis, Inverness-
sliire. Laiubay I.sland, uear Dublin ; near Cork ; Dunkerron, co. Kerry ;
Kylemore, co. Galway.
n . P. sulcata Tayl. in Alack. 11. .Hib. ii. (1830) p. 145.—
Tliallus orbiculari-oxpanded, membranaceous, smoothish, not isidii-
ferons, irrogularly imbricate, reticulato-sorccliato, greyish or g lau cous
white, tho soredia suloiform, rotundato-obloug or linear, m a rgined,
whitish C aC lI). Apotheoia and
spores as iu th e preceding species.—Cromh. Grevillea, xv. p. 75.—
J'lirmelia sa.vatilis var. sulcata Cromb. Lich. lirit. p. 34 ; Leight.
Lioh. Fl. p. 138, ed. 3, p. 120. Parmelia saxatilis fl. leucochroa
(Wallr.) Aludd, Alan. p. 94. Lichenoides vulcjatissimum cinereo-
fjlaitcum, lacunosum et cirrhosum Dill. Muse. 188, t. 24. f. 83 B.—
— B rit. E xs. : Leight. n. 203 ; Aludd, n. 06 ; Cromb. ii. 28.
Distinguished from P. saxatilis hy the soredia and the absence of isidia.
Tlie thalhus often spreads extensively aud varies in the breadth of tlie
laciniæ ; short and broad states are form rosæformis Ach. (Lich. Univ.
p. 470). The apothecia are moderate, and sometimes have rather smaller
spores than iu the preceding species. They are comparatively rare in
Britain as elsewhere, nor are the spermogones frequent in our specimens.
Ilah. On trees and old walls, chiefly in maritime and upland districts.—
—Distr. General aud usually plentiful in Great Britain and Ireland ; rare
in the Channel Islands ; fertile chiefly iu the liighlands of Scotland.—
B. AI. ; Island of Guernsey. Eppiug and Ilainault Forests, Essex ; New
Forest, Hants; Penzance and AA'ithiel, Corire’all; near Cirencester and
Sapperton, Gloucestershire; Darley, Derbyshire; Grimsbury Green,
Northamptonshire; Ludlow, Shropshire; Harboro’ Alagna, AVarwickshire;
near Ilopton, Cheshire; Cleveland, Yorkshire; Kendal, AVestmoreland;
near Ilexham, Northumberland. Dairy, Kirkcudbrightshire;
Dreghorn and Craig Lochart, near Edinburgh ; Barcaldine, Argyle,shire ;
Loch Katrine and Killin, Perthshire ; Den of Alurtle, near Aberdeen ;
S. of Fort AA’illiam, Inverness-shire ; Applecross, Koss-shire. Rostellan,
CO. Cork ; Dunkerron, co. Kerry.
Var. fl. lævis Nyl. Syu. i. (1860) p. 389.—Thallus smooth, esorediate,
glaucous- or greyish-white ; beneath black, densely rhizineo-
fibrillose ; laoiniæ narrow, more divided aud discrete, greyish or
brownish a t tho apices. Apothecia uo t s e e n .- Cromb. Jo u ru . Bot
1875, p. 140.
A peculiar variety, which, notwith.standing the smooth thallus, is from
its general aspect referable to P. .sulcata rather than to P. sa.vatilis. At
the same time it is well distinguished by the esorediate thallus which is
but loosely affixed to the substratum, aud by the form of the laciniæ.
The under surface is occasioually covered to the very extremities of the
laciniæ with numerous densely crowded black rhizinæ (form hirsuta
Cromb. I. c.). In tho British specimens neither apothecia uor spermogones
are present.
Ilah. On the trunks of old firs and on granite walls in upland localities.—
Bistr. Found only iu two localities amongst tlie Grampians, Scotland.—
B. AI. : Ben Lawers, I’erthshire; Durris, Kincardineshire.
12. P. omphalodes Ach. Aleth. (1803) p. 204.—Thallus orbicular,
expanded, submenibranaceous, somewhat shining, smoothish,
dark-brown, browuish-black or purplish-black ; beneath black,
densely rhizineo-fibrillose; laciniæ subtruncate a t th e apices
/ir+yedowish, CaCl“ ). Apothecia dark-hadious, mode-
1 -l-yellow, then rusty red, i
ra te or largo ; otherwise as iu P. saxatilis.—Gray, Nat. Arr. i.
p. 440 ; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 53 ; 8m. Eug. El. v. p. 199 ; Tayl. iu
Alack. F i. Hih. ii. p. 145.— Parmelia saxatilis S. omphalodes Aludd,
Alai). p. 9 5 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 3 1 ; Leight. Lioh. Fl. p. 138,
ed. 3, p. 127. Lichen oinjghalodes Linii. Sp. 11. (1753) p. 11 4 3 ;
Huds. F l. Angl. p. 446 ; Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 8 1 8 ; With. Arr.
od. 3, iv. p. 34 ; Eng. Bot. t. 604. Lichenoides sa.vatile tinctorium,
fo liis pilosis p urpuréis Dill. AIusc. 185, t. 24. f. 80, in Ray, Syu.
ed. 3, ]). 74, I I. 70.— B rit. Exs. : Leight. n. 7 ; Aludd, ii. 67 ; Larb.
Cæsar. n. 19 ; Bohl. n. 18.
Though by some recent authors regarded as a variety of P. saxatilis, it
is entitled to rank as specifically distinct. I t varies in colour from brown
or greyish-brown to nearly black, and is often, as observed by Hooker,
En»-. Fl. I. c., marked with pale zigzag cracks. Iu the darker thalli
the” reaction of the cortical layer witli K is less distinct. ^ I t often
spreads extensively, almost covering the larger and otherwise naked
boulders, and is soinew-hat variable. The apothecia are not imfrequent,
sometimes numerous and very large, becoming in old age angulose and
flexuose, ofteu with slightly smallei- spores as in P. sulcata. The spermogones,
which are also common, are usually more prominent than m
P. saxatilis, giving the thallus a hlack-punctate appearance.
Ilah. On rocks and boulders in maritime, upland, and alpine tracts.—
Distr. General and common thi-oug-hout Great Britain ; very abundant
iu the Highlands, Scotland, to the summits of the higher mountains ;
apparently'’rare in Ireland and the Channel Islands.—B. AI. : Beauport
Bay, Jersey ; Island of Guernsey. Dartmoor, Ilay Tor, and Lustleigh
Cleeve, Devonshire ; Temple Aloor, near Penzance, and Helminton, Cornwall
; Alalvern Hills, AVorcestershire ; near Oswestry, Shi-opshire ; Barmouth
and Cader Idris, Alerionethshire ; Conway Alt., and Cwm Idwal,
Carnarvon; Anglesea; Cleveland, York.shire ; near Eglestone and Teesdale,
Durham ; Kentmere, Westmoreland ; Cheviots, Northumbei-land. Aloffat,
Dumfriesshire ; Dalmahoy Crags, near Edinhm-gh ; Barcaldine and Appiu,
Argyleshire ; Killin, Ben Irewers, Rannoch, near Uunkeld aud Aber-
uethy, I’ei-thsliire ; Canlochau, Forfarshire; near Invercauld, Craig
R 2