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thill, black. Apotbecia small or moderate, appressed, plane or a t
length somewhat convex, brownisb-black or badious-brown, the
th allin e margin en tire or slightly o ren u la te ; spores fusiformi-
ellipsoid, 0 ,0 0 9 -1 5 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 4 -6 mm. th io k ; paraphyses
robust, brownish a t the apices.—Aludd, Alan. p. 144, t. 2. f 50 ;
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 5 3 ; Leight. Lich. FL p. 212, ed. 3, p. 198.—
Rinodina hadia. Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 450. Lichen hadms, le r s .
Ust. Ann. Bot. vii. (1794) p. 27.— B rit. E.rs. : Leigbt. n. 200 ;
Aludd, n. 1 1 0 ; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 334.
A well-marked species easily recognized by tbe colour of the thallus
and of the apothecia. I t spreads extensively over the substratum, and is
alwavs well fertile. In alpine situations the apothecia have the thalhne
marrin more or less ilexuose. The spermogones are frequent, with spermatia
0,007-0,010 mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick. Very singularly the plant
was overlooked bv our older authors, though in Sowerby s herbarium it
appears s. n. Lichen squmnulosus from Teesdale {Lecanora squamulosa
Tayl. in Alack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 109).
Jlab. On rocks and boulders from maritime to alpine tracts.—DfsZr.
General and common in most parts of Great Britain and Ireland; rare in
the Channel Islands.—B. AI. ; Noirmont, Island of Jersey; Island of
Guernsey. Bolt Head, S. Devon: near Penzance, Cornwall; Bardon
Hill, Leicestershire ; Alalvern, Worcestershire ; near Buxton, Derbyshire;
Lon» Alynd, Shropshire ; Barmouth and Dolgelly, Alerionethshire; Llyn
Geinoiivdd, Carnarvon; Roseberry, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Teesdale and
near Eilestone, Durham; Blacklot and Stavely Head, Westmoreland;
Ennerdale, Cumherland. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire; Appm,
Argyleshire; Ben Lawers, Pe rthshire ; Nigg and Portlethen, Kincardineshire
; Cairn Turc and Alorroue, Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Glen Nevis,
Inverness-shire. Aloimt Leinster, co. Carlow; Kylemore Castle, co.
Galway ; Lurgedon Alt. and near Carnlougli, co. Antrim.
Var. p . c in e ras cen s Nyl, Liob. Soand. (1861) p. 1 7 0 .—Tballus
paler, greyisb, w itb tb e tb allin e margin of tb e apotbecia concolorous
: otherwise as in the type.—Cromb. Liob. Brit. p. 5 4 ;
Leight. Lich. F l. p. 213, ed. 3, p. 198.
Differs only in colour; but this is so marked as to entitle it, in the
absence of intermediate states, to rank as a good variety.
Hab. On shady schistose rocks and walls in maritime and mountainous
districts.—DfsZr. Local in S. Wales, the Central Grampians aud
N.E. Scotland.—B. AI.: Cader Idris, Alerionethshire. Craig Tulloch,
Blair Athole, Perthshire ; Portlethen, Kincardineshire.
Subsp. L. picea Nyl. Flora, 1868, p. 478.—Thallus and apothecia
pitch-blaok, sh in in g ; spores oblong, 0 ,0 0 7 -1 1 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 4 -5
mm. thick.—Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1869, p. 1 0 8 ; Lioh. Brit. p. 54.—
L . badia iorm picea, Leigbt. Lich. F l. p. 214, ed. 3, p. 199.
Characterized by the colour of tbe thallus and of the apothecia, and
more especially by the smaller spores. This latter character keeps it
distinct from darker states of the type with which it might be confounded.
In age the apothecia become somewhat large aud convex, witb
the thalline margin obliterated.
Hab. On quartzose rocks in mountainous districts.—Distr. Only
sparingly among the Grampians, Scotlaud. — B. AI. : Ben Lawers,
Perthshire ; Alorrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
146. L. austera Nyl. Flora, 1874, p. 309.— Thallus subdeterminate,
th in , unequal, rimose, cervine or cervine-badious (K —,
CaCl — ) ; hypothallus thin, black, little visible. Apotheoia modera
te or somewhat large, plane, badio-brownish, often proliferous ;
the thalline margin flexuose, often suborenate, slightly shining ;
spores ellipsoid, about 0,009 mm. long, 0,007 mm. thick ; p araphyses
moderate, jo inted ; hymenial gelatine soaroely tinged, b u t
th e theoæ bluish w itb iodine.—Cromb. Grevillea, iii. p. 23 ; Leight.
Liob. F l. ed. 3, p. 199.
Closely allied to the preceding species, but ditfering especially in the
less developed thallus and the much shorter spores. The only specimen
gathered is well fertile, the apothecia varying as above. The spermogones
also are frequent, with spermatia 0,004-5 mm. long, scarcely
0,001 mm. thick.
Hab. On weathered quartzose stones, in an alpine locality.—Distr.
Very local and scarce on one of the S. Grampians, Scotland.—B. AI. :
Summit of Ben Cruachan, Argyleshire.
147. L. atriseda Nyl. Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. sér. 3, t. i. (1856)
p. 337 ; Lioh. Scand. p. 170.—Thallus areolato-granulate, brown or
diill-broAvn ; th e granules contiguous or scattered, convex (K —,
CaCl—) ; hypothallus thin, black, often obsolete. Apotheoia moderate,
a t first immersed, tben appressed, plane or somewhat convex,
brown or dark-brown; th e thalline margin tb in , e n tir e ; spores
ellipsoid, obtuse a t the apices, 0 ,0 0 8 -1 2 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 5 -7 mm.
thiok ; paraphyses ra th e r stout, no t very discrete, brownish a t th e
apices.— Cromb. Jo u rn . Bot. 1871, p. 178.—Lecanora badia var.
atriseda. Leight. Lich. F l. p. 213, ed. 3, p. 198. Parmelia bad/la
y . atriseda F r. N. Sobed. crit. 1827, p. 6 ; Lioh. Eur. p. 149.—
Lecanora nephcea Somm. Suppl. Lapp. Or. (1826) p. 103, is an
abnormal state of this, fid e F r. fll. Lioh. Soand. p. 268, and is
therefore scarcely to be adopted, though haying priority.
A good species, looking at first sight as if allied to L. squamulosa. In
our few British specimens the thallus is determinate with the granules
sufficiently contiguous. The apothecia are numerous aud crowded, at
times almost obliterating the verrucæ. The spermogones, which are
sparingly present, are impressed, blackish at the apices, with spermatia
0,018-20 mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick.
Hah. On rocks in mountainous districts.—Distr. Rare in AVales, N.
England, aud th eN . Grampians, Scotland.—B. AL ; Dolgelly, Merionethshire
; Ennerdale, Cumberland ; Alorrone, Aberdeensliire.