white, K —). Apotheoia small or moderate, reddish-brown, th e
receptacle crenulato-uneqnal a t the margin and depresso-graimlate
a t th e back ; spores 0,02U-24 mm. long, ü,Ü06-7 mm. thiok.—Cromb.
Lioh. Brit. p. 28 ; Leight. Lieh. F l. p. 104, ed. 3, p. 09.—Nephroma
loeuiiiatum Aoh. Syu. ( 1817) p. 242 ; Mudd, Man. p. 81. Nephroma
resupiiiata ïa y l. in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 154. Lichen resupinatus
Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 453 ; Lightf. F l. Scot. ii. p. 843 ; With. Arr.
ed. 3, iv. p. 71. Lichenoides f uscum, pieltis posticis fe r ru g in e isE ilL
Muse. 206, t. 28. f. 105 a . Lichenoides saxatile fuscum, peltis in
aversa foliorum superficie locatis Hill, in Hay, Syn. ed. 3, p. 77, u. 91.
—Most of these synonyms refer no doubt to N.'lusifanicum. Lichen
resupinatus of th e older authors included other species, so th a t it
cannot be retained.
Distinguished from the preceding by the absence of tomentum on the
upper aud by the naked under surface of the thallus. Tlie thalUis is generally
of moderate size, and rarely expanded. The apotliecia are usually
numerous, though comparatively small, and the spermogones have the
spermatia 0,00.35-0,040 mm. long { fd e Nyl.).
Hab. Ou the trunks of old trees and on mossy boulders in mountainous
(listriets.—Distr. Local and scarce in N. England aud in the Grampians,
Scotland.—li. M. : Keswick, Cumberland. Glen Lochay, Killin, Pertli-
shire ; Blair Athole, Perthshire ; Craig Cluiiy, Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
8. N. p a r ile Nyl. Flora, 1885, p. 47.—Thallus orbicular, membranaceous,
rotundato-lobed, smooth, subopaque, crisp and cæsio-
sorediate a t the margins ; beneath naked, rugulose, brownish-blaok
(medulla white, K —). Apotheoia very rare, ou short lobes : spores
as in N . lævigatum.— Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 77.— Nephromium
lævigatum var. p a rile Cromb. Licb. Brit. p. 28 ; Leight. Lioh. F l.
p. 105, ed. 3, p. 99. Nephroma lævigatum fl. p arile Mudd, Man.
p. 81. Nephroma p arile Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 427 ; Sm. Eng. El. v.
p. 220. Lichen pa rilis Aoh. Prodr. (1798) p. 164, Eng. Bot. t. 2360.
Lichenoides fu sm m , p e ltisp o s tid s ferrugineis Dill. Muse. 206, t. 28.
f. 105 B, 0.—B r it. E xs. : Cromb. n. 41.
Though regarded by more recent authors as a variety of the preceding,
this differs in the sorediate margins, the colour of the under surface, and
especially in the size of the spermatia. These, according to Nylander in
litt., are 0,004 mni. long, 0,001 mm. thick ; so that it must again be
raised to its specific rank. The soredia, which are normally marginal,
are occasionally also more or less scattered over the surface, becoming-
blackish in age. I t rarely occurs fertile, and never so with us.
Hab. On mossy rocks and boulders, and about the roots of old trees, in
wooded upland districts.—Dfsrt. Local in S. and W. England, in S. Scotland
and among the Grampians, in S.W. and N. Ireland.—B. M. : Ivy
Bridge, Hennock, near Bovey Tracey, Lustleigh Cleeve, and Totnes, S.
Devon ; Cound Aloor and Craigforda, Shropshire ; Dolgelly, Twll Du, and
Rhewgreidden, Alerionethshire; Windermere, Westmoreland: Braith-
waite, Cumherland. Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh; Barcaldine,
Argyleshire ; Glen Lochay and Pass of Killiecrankie, Perthshire ; Craig
Cluny, Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Caledonian Canal, Inverness-shire.
Near Dunkerron, co. Kerrv.
4. N. su b tom en te llum N yl. ex Cromb. Jo u rn . Bot. 1874, p. 147.—
Thallus subcoriaceous, somewhat expanded, rotundato-lobed, opaque,
rugulose, sinuato-lobed a t th e margins, dark lurid-brown ; beneath
ruo-ulose ohsoletely tomentellose, brown (medulla white, K - ) .
Apothecia moderate, d a rk -red , th e receptacle coriaceo-rugulose or
th in lv areolato-granulose ; spores 0 ,0 2 0 -2 4 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 6 -7 mm.
thick. Nephromium lævigatum sar.suhtomentelliim Nyl. Not. ballsk.
F . e t El. Fenn. Eorh. n. s. v. (1866) p. 116 ; Leight. Lioh. F l. ed. 3,
p_ 99.— B r it. E.vs. : Cromh. n. 149.
Distinguished hv the rugulose thallus and receptacle, and by the obsolete
tomentum of the under surface, which with the size of the spermatia show
that it is a o-ood species. The apothecia are numerous, occasionally rather
large and crowded. The spermogones, which are more frequent than in
any of tho other British species, have the spermatia {ex JSyl. in litt.)
0,0025-0,0030 mm. long, 0,0010 mm. thick.
Hab On the trunks of old ash trees in mountainous regions.--Dfstr.
Local and scarce in N. Wales, and ainong the S Grampians, Scotland.—
B. AI. : Rhewgreidden, Alerionethshire. Head of Loch Awe, Argyleshire ;
Gleu Lochay, Killin, Perthshire.
5. N. lu s ita n ic um Nyl. Elora, 1870, p. 38.—Thallus suborbicular,
rotundato-lobed, smooth and somewhat shining, crenate, crisp and
u n dulate a t th e margins, livid-ohestnut or chestnut-brown ; beneath
glabrous, somewhat rugulose, pale (medulla yellow, K-|-purplish).
Apothecia small or moderate, reddisb-brown, tbe receptacle crenato-
laciniate, incurved, the back minutely depresso-areolate ; spores
0 0 2 0 -2 4 mm. loug, 0 .0 0 6 -7 mm. thick.— Leigbt. Ann. Alag. Nat.
H is t 1870 p. 41 ; Lich. Fl. p. 106, ed. 3, p. 1 0 0 .— Nephromium
Uviqatum f. lusitanicum Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 28. N e p h r o y l y -
tanieum Sohær. Enum. (1850) p. 323. Uehen resivpinatus Eug. Bot.
t. 305 ; var. 2, With. Arr. od. 3, iv. p. 71.— B n t. Exs : Mudd, n. 57 ;
Dicks. H o rt. Sio. n. 23 ; Leight. u. 107 ; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 288.
Similar to N. loeviqatum, except in the colour of themnedulla and the
chemical reaction. These differences, however, are of sufficient miportance
to warrant our regarding it with Schærer as a distinct species JA ith us
it is much more common than N. Imvigatum, and is generally fertile.
Hah On the trunks of old trees, and on mossy rocks and boulders in
maritime and upland wooded distrlcts.-Disri-. General and common m
S W a n d N. England, N. W a l e s , in S. and Central Scotland, and m Iv.
aud S.W. Ireland.—B. M. : Brechou and Guernsey, Channel Islands.
Lvdd, Kent; Lustleigh Cleeve and near Totnes, S. Devon; neai Res-
prin», Launceston, Liskeard, Penzance, and St. Austell, Cornwall, Alal-
F r n , Worcestershire; Pentregaer near Oswestry, Shropshire; B^mouth
and Aherdovev, Merionethshire ; Bettws-y-Coed, Carnarvon ; Island of
Anglesea; OleVeland, Yorkshire; Eglestone, Durham; Mardale, AA estmoreland
; Keswick and Bassenthwaite Lake, Cumberland. Kæw Uallo-
wav, Kirkcudbrightshire; near Moffat, Dumfriesshire ; Dumbarton
Cartle, Dumbartonshire; Barcaldine, Inverary, and head of Locli Ave,
Argyleshire ; (Hen Lochay and Pass of Leny Perthshire ; Reeky Liiin,
Forfar-sliire; Craig Coinnoch, Braemar, Aberdeeushire ; Cawdor AA oqd.s,
Nairn ^ Loch Linuhe. Fort George, and Falls of Foyers, Inverness-shire ;