
iiri I
laciniæ. States, however, occur, as if intenneiliate between them, iu
whicli these cliaracters are not so ei ident. AVitli us it is rare in a fertile
condition. The podetia are occasionally wniiting', and then the apothecia
and the spermogones are sessile on the laciniæ.
Hah. In dry sandy places amongst mosses and heaths in maritime and
upland districts.—Histr. Here and there tlirougliout Great Britaiu, chiefly
in S. England and the Channel Islands ; rare in S.W. Ireland.—B. AI. :
Quenvais, Island of Jersey; Lslaiid of Sark; Jerbouvg, Icart Point, and
L’Ancresse Bay, Island of Guernsey. Hunstanton, Norfolk ; Aldgrave,
Suffolk: Epping Forest, Essex ; the Downs, near Brighton, Sussex; Isle
of AVight; near Torquay, S. Devon; Withiel and the Scilly Islands,
Cornwall ; Alalvern Hills, AVorcestersliiro ; Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire
; Ilaughniond Hill, Shropshire ; Barmouth and Anglesea, N. AA’ales ;
uear Great Ayton, Cleveland, Yorksliire. Pentland Hills, Edinburgh ;
Island of Lismore ; Bay of Nigg, Kincardineshire; the Links, Old Aberdeen.
Gleugaritt) co. Cork.
3. C. firm a Nyl. Bull. Soo. Bot. F r. viii. (1801) p. 755.—Thallus
laoiniato-squamose at the base ; laciniæ constipate, suberect, very
iniuutoly subareolato-insculpt, firm, crenate, naked, or a t times
fibrillose a t the margins, and crenato-incised, yellowish or glaucous-
greenish above, ben ea th pale yellowish or whitish or ohsoletely
rose-coloured and wliite-suffusod ; podetia small, narrowly soyphi-
ferous (K — , K(CaCl) -|- yellow, often ferrugineous). Apotheoia more
or less confluent, brown.—Cromb. Grovilloa, xi. p. 111.— Cladonia
alcicornis firm a Nyl. Syn. i. (18G0) p. 191.—B r it. E.vs. : Larb.
Cæsar. n. 67 ; Cromb. n. 122.
Though originally regarded by Nylander as a variety of C. alcicornis,
yet “ it constitutes a proper species more certainly than many others iu
this genus ” (Bull. Soc. Bot. I. c.). I t differs from C. alcicornis iu tbe
laciniæ being constipate, thicker, simpler, and more ascending, firmer
when growing, but rather brittle when dry. The podetia and apothecia,
which are very like those of the preceding, are not uncommon. The
spermogones also are frequent, aud are often sessile on the leaflets.
Hab. On sandy soil and on the ground amongst rocks in maritime
districts.—Histr. Very local and scarce in the Channel Islands and iu
S. England,—B. AI. : Noirmont, AA'^arren, aud Quenvais, Island of Jersey ;
Jerhourg, Island of Guernsey; Chateau Point, Island of Sark. Lydd,
Kent ; Brighton Downs, Sussex ; Start Point, S. Devon.
Form gracilescens Cromb.—Thallus small; laciniæ very narrow,
muoh divided, more or less oronate a t tho apices; podetia narrow
and narrowly soyphiferous. Apotheoia not seen.— Cladonia alci-
cornis f. gracilesoens Cromb. Grevillea, xi. (1883) p. 111.
A well-marked form, perhaps a variety, of this rather than of the preceding
species, characterized by the smaller tballus and tbe much more
slender and divided laciniæ. I t closely approaches to var. gentilis Ach. of
C. alcicornis, but differs in the marginal fibrillæ being not “ long and
simple ” but shortly fasciculate. In the only entire specimen seen the
podetia, which are but sparingly present, are substerile and only spermo-
gouiiferous.
Hah. On the ground among rocks in a maritime district.—Distr. A’^ery
sparmgly iu S. AVales.—B. AI. : Lydstep, Pembrokeshire.
h. Microphyllinas.— Thallus typically smaU, variously squamulose.
f . Scyphopliorce.—Podetia normally soyphiferous.
4. C. p y x id a ta F r. Lioh. E u r. (1831) p. 216.—Thallus foliaceo-
squamulose at th e base ; squamules small, firm, glaucous-green or
greyish, whitish beneath ; podetia short or somewhat elongate, continuously
corticate or verruoose, soyphiferous; soyphi largo, oyathi-
form, often proliferous (K —, CaCl — ). Apothecia moderate, brown
or reddish-brown, sometimes symphioarpous ; spores oblong, variable
in size, 0 ,0 0 8 -1 4 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 3 -0 ,0 0 4 5 mm. thiok.—Mudd, Man.
p. 53 pro p a r te ; Brit. Clad. p. 7 pro p a r te ; Cromb. Enum. p. 18
pro p a r te ; Grovillea, xi. p. I l l ; Leight. Lioh. F l. p. 60, ed. 3,
p. 56 .— Scyphophorus p y x id a tu s Sm. Eng. F l. v. p. 2 3 8 ; Gray,
Nat. Arr. i. p. 456. Cenomyce p y x id a ta Hook. Fl. Soot. ii. p. 62.
Lichen p y x id a tu s Linn. Sp. PL (1753) p. 11 5 1 ; Huds. F l. Angl.
p. 4 5 6 ; Lightf. F l. Scot. ii. p. 869 pro p a rte ; W ith . Arr. ed. 3, iv.
p. 3 6 ; Eng. Bot. t. 1393. Cladonia coecifera Tayl. in Mack. Fl.
Hib. ii. p. 81 pro parte. Coralloides seyp>hiforme, tuherculis fuscis
Dill. Muse. 79, t, 14. f. 6 c, i-M. Lichenoides tubulosum p y x id a tum
cinereum Dill, in Kay, Syn. ed. 3, 68. 28 pro p a rte . —Hrii. Exs. :
Mudd, Clad. n. 6 ; Bohl. n . 32.
This is with us, as elsewhere, a very variable species, giving rise to
many marked forms and varieties, besides others enumerated by authors
which are simply states and do not deserve distinctive names. Among
these latter a re ;—simplex Koth., with “ the scyphi larger and spermo-
goniiferous at the margin ; ” staphylea Ach., with “ the apothecia pedicellate
on the margin of the seyplii; ” syntheta Ach., with “ the margin
of the scyphi proliferous;” costata Fldrke, with “ the podetia denudate
and longitudinally furrowed.” Where the plant spreads extensively, one
or other of these may be met with on the same specimen. In the type
tbe basal squamules occasionally become nearly obsolete, and the apothecia
are comparatively rare.
Hah, On the ground, old walls, rocks, and about the roots of trees in
maritime, lowland, and upland districts.—Histr. General and common
throughout Great Britain, and no doubt also in Ireland, though specimens
have not been seen; rare iu tbe Channel Islands.—B. AI.: Island of
Guernsey. Eppiug Forest, Essex; Hampstead Heath, Aliddlesex ; New
Forest, H a n ts ; Dartmoor, Devonshire ; St. Breward and near Bodmin,
Cornwall; Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire; Bnxton, Derbyshire;
Aberdovey and Dolgelly, Alerionetbsbire ; Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire;
Alston and Bassenthwaite Lake, Cumberland. Appin, Argyleshire;
Killin and Blair Athole, Pe rthshire; Den of Alains, Forfarshire;
Durris, Kincardineshire ; Countesswells and Castleton of Braemar, Aberdeenshire
; south of FortWilliam, Inverness-shire ; Lairg, Sutherlandshire.
Form 1. lo p h y ra Coem. Clad. Belg. (1863) n. 29.—Podetia short,
tu rb in a te ; scyphi crisp, squamuloso-foliaceous a t th e margins.
Apothecia large, sessile or pedicellate among the squamules.__
Aludd, Brit. Clad. p. 8 ; Cromb. Grevillea, xi. p. 111.— Cenomyce
p y x id a ta 3. lophyra Aoh. Lioh. Univ. (1810) p. 535.
The squamulose mg,rgins of the scyphi and the position of the apothecia
I . II