í l j
î i r
paraphyses scarcely discrete, th e apices incrassate.—Hook. Fl. Scot.
ii. p. 49 ; Sm. Eng. El. v. p. 1 9 0 ; Leight. Angi. Lieh. p. 86, t. 14.
f. 1 ; Lioh. Fl. p. 230, od. 3, p. 222 ; Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 58.—
Pliialopsis rubra Mudd, Man. p. 166, t. 3. f. 68. B in o d in a rubra
Gray, Nat. A rr. i.. p. 457. Verruairia rubra Hoffm. PI. Lioh. i.
(1793) p. 81. Lichen Ulmi Sm. Eng. Bot. t. 2218.—B rit. Exs.-.
Loight. n. 236 ; Mudd, n. 138 ; Cromb. n. 168.
Well ebaraoterized by tbe constantly 3-septate spores, wbicb separate
it from all tbe otlier species of the genus, so tliat it lias been placed by
sporologists ill a distinct genus Phialopsis. From the form of the apothecia
it miglit at first sight be taken for a Gyalecta approaching
X. foveolaris ; but it is at once removed from tliis by their distinct thalliue
margin. The thallus spreads very extensively over tbe substratum.
The apothecia are numerous, becoming at length dark-red. The spermogones
have not yet been detected.
Hab. On trunks of old elms, occasionally overspreading mosses on
walls and rocks in upland districts.—Distr. Local in W. and N. England,
and on the Ceutral and N. Grampians, Scotland ; other localities from
ivhich it has been reported being very doubtful.—B.AI. ; Wigmore
Castle, Herefordshire ; Craig-y-Hbiw, near Oswestry, Shropshire ; near
Kievaulx, Bilsdale, and Greta Bridge, Yorkshire. Craig Tulloch, Blair
Athole, Perthshire ; Alorrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
M. Apotbecia leoanorine ; spores 8næ or 4 -6 næ , very rarely 2næ,
large, simplo, colourless ; hymenial gelatine bluish with iodine.
Spermogones w ith simple sterigmata and aoicular s tra ig h t
spermatia. {Ochrolechia Mass. Hieh. (1852) p. 30.)
154. L. t a r t a r e a Ach. Licb. Univ. (1810) p. 371, t. 7. f. 3.—
Thallus orbiculari-expanded, thiok, tartareo u s, granuloso- or vor-
ruooso-conglomerate, unequal, whitish or
greyisb-wbite (K + yellowish, th e apices
of th e verruoæ CaCl + red) ; hypothallus
white, often indistinct. Apothecia large,
concave, plane or tuberoulato-convex,
rugulose, pale-testaceous (CaCl + reddish) ;
tbe thalline margin thiok, entire or in-
flexed, a t length u n dulate ; spores 8næ,
ellipsoideo-oblong, 0 ,0 4 0 -7 2 mm. long,
0 ,0 2 7 -4 0 mm. th ic k ; paraphyses th in ,
no t well discrete.—Hook. F l. Soot. ii.
p. 49 ; Sm. Eng. F l. v. p. 191 ; Tayl. iu
Fig. 67.
Mack. F l. Hib. ii. p. 138 ; Mudd, Man.
Lecanora tartarea. — a. A
p. 156, t. ii. f. 3 1 ; Cromb. Licb. Brit,
spore, x350. h. Sterigmata
and spermatia,
p. 5 4 ; Leigbt. Licb. F l. p. 187, ed. 3,
X5U0.
p. 175.—Bin o d in a tartarea Gray, Nat.
Arr. i. p. 455. Lichen tartareus Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) p. 1141 ;
Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 4 4 4 ; Lightf. F l. Soot. ii. p. 8 1 1 ; AVith. Arr.
od. 3, iv. p. 23 ; Eng. Bot. t. 156. Lichenoides crustaceum et lepro-
sum, ncetabulis majoribus luteis, limbis argentéis Hill, in Hay Syn.
ed. 3, 71. 46 ; AIuso. 132, t. 18. f. 13.—B r it. Exs. : Leight. n. 82 ;
Mudd, n. 128 ; Bohl. n. 10 ; Cromb. n. 60.
This, the “ Cudbear Lichen ” of Scotland, is a variable plant as to the
thallus and apothecia, whence the varieties and subspecies th at follow.
The thallus, which often spreads extensively over the substratum, is
thick, at times very thick, rarely thinnish when the hypothallus is more
distinctly visible at the circumference. A state with the verrucæ sub-
globose, growing on Genista in Teesdale, was termed by Acharius var.
grandinosa, Lich. Univ. p. 372 ; Cromb. Enum. I. c. ; Leight. Lich. Fl.
t. c. ; but this is a frequent character ivhen corticolous, whence also var.
arborea (DC. Fl. Fr. ii. p. 364), Schaer, Enum. p. 80; Aludd, Alan. p. 156
pro parte.—The apothecia, which are numerous, are generally large and
occasionally become proliferous. The spermogones are abundant, verrucæform,
often congregate, w ith spermatia 0,005-7 mm. long, 0,0005 mm.
thick {fide Nyl.).
_ Hab. On rocks and old trunks of trees, rarely on the ground, in maritime
but chiefly mountainous districts to high altitudes.—DisZr. General
and abundant in Great Britain and Ireland ; rare in the Channel Islands.
—B.AL: Island of Alderney. Near Ljmdhurst, New Forest, Hants;
Bolt Head and Dartmoor, Devonshire ; Lamorna, near Penzance, Cornwall
; Cader Idris and Aberdovey, Alerionethshire ; Conway Falls, Denbighshire
; Glee Hill, Shropshire ; Ilighcliff, Cleveland, Yorkshire ;
Teesdale, Durham; Kentmere, Westmoreland; Alston, Cumberland;
The Cheviots, Northumberland. New Galloway, K irkcudbri»htshire ;
Ayrshire ; Pentland Hills and Dalmalioy Ilill, near Edinburgh ;®Kilmun,
Ben Cruachan, and Barcaldine, Argyleshire ; Gleu Falloch, Finlarig,
Craig Calliach, Beu Lawers, Amulree, Craig Vinean, and Craig Tulloch,
Perthshire; Portlethen, Kincardineshire; Craig Koynoch, Alorrone, Ben-
naboord, and Glen Callater, Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Rothiemurchus
AVoods and Glen Nevis, Inverness-shire ; Larig, Sutherlandshire ; Apple-
cross, Ross-shire. Clonmel, co. Tipperary ; Doughruagh mts., Connemara,
CO. Galway..
Var. p . frig id a Ach. Lioh. Univ. (1810) p. 372.—Thallus effuso,
th in , papillate, subspiniilose or granulate. Apotheoia small or submoderate,
th e tballine margin oocasionally subspinulose.—Mudd,
Man. p. 1 5 6 ; Cromb. Liob. Brit. p. 4 0 ; Leigbt. Lich. F l. p. 188,
od. 3, p. 175 ; Hook. F l. Scot. ii. p. 49 (u t var. y).—Binodina f r i g
id a Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 454. Lichen frigidus Sw. Meth. AIusc.
(1781) p. 36, t. 2. f. 4 ; Eng. Bot. t. 1 8 7 9 ; AVith. A rr. ed. 3, iv.
p. 22. Lichen Upsaliensis Eng. Bot. t. 1634, Dicks. Crypt, faso. i.
p. 12, t. ii. f. 7, and Lecanora tartarea p . Upsaliensis Sm. Eng. Fl.
V . p . 191, denote only espinulose states of tbis variety.—B rit. Exs. :
Cromb. n. 70.
AVell distinguished by the thinner, more or less spinulose thallus, which
on peaty or detrital soil becomes somewhat granulose. I t is usually well
fruited, especially a t higher altitudes. A state with minute apothecia
occasionally occurs, and is form microcarpia Fr. fil. Lich. Scand. p. 234 ;
Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. p. 70.
Hah. Incrusting mosses on the ground upon moorlands and mountains