the scyphi proliferous from the margins. The apothecia do not usually
occur.
Hah. On the ground in upland situations.—Histr. Local and scarce in
S.W. England, S.AV. Scotlaud, aud the S.AV. Higlilands.—B. J I . ; Near
AA’iddicombe, Devonshire; Bodmin, Ooruwall. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire
; Barcaldine, Argyleshire.
Form Isignyi Nyl. Flora, 1875, p. 447.—Podetia densely squamuloso
foliaceous. Apotliecia moderate, dark-brown.'—Cromb. Grevillea,
XV. p. 44.— Cladonia p y x id a ta p. p ity r e a k. d 'Isig n y i Mudd,
Brit. Clad. p. 10. Cladonia Is ig n y i Del. fide Nyl. 1. o.
The podetia are usually covered with folíolos except towards the apices,
where they are more or less squamulose. In perfect specimens the basal
tliallus is more developed than iu the type. AVitb us it is rarely well-
fertile.
Hab. Among mosses on the ground aud about tbe roots of trees in
maritime and upland districts.—Distr. Local and rare in the Channel
Islands aud the Central Grampians, Scotland.—B. AI.: Grosnez Common,
Island of Jersey. Near Falls of Tummel, Perthshire.
0. C. cariosa Sprcng. Syst. Veg. iv. (1827) p. 272.—ThaUus
squamulose a t the b a s e ; squamules minute, creiiato-inoised, greyish-
glaucous above, white b en e a th ; podetia ra th e r short, somewhat
stout, simple or branched, a t first smooth, hoooming grannlato-ver-
rucosc, p a rtly denudate, and th en almost white oarioso-oanoellate,
greyish-glauoous or glaucous; soyphi digitately divided into subfastigiate
branches (K-|-yellow, CaCl—). Apotheoia turgid, somew
h a t large, suboonfluent, b row n ; spores 0 ,0 0 9 -1 3 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 4 -5
mm. thick.—Aludd, Brit. Clad. p. 6 ; Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 19 ;
Loight. Lich. F l. p. 57, ed. 3, p. 55.— Cladonia graeilis E. cariosa
Mudd, Man. p. 55. Cenomyce cariosa Borr. Eng. Bot. Suppl. t. 27 0 1 ;
Tayl. in Alack. F l. Hib. ii. p. 80. Lichen cariosas Ach. Prodr.
(1798) p. 198. Coralloides fu n g ifo rm e fuscum, basi foliácea Dill.
Muse. 77, t. 14. f. 2.—B r it. E x s .; Mudd, Clad. n. 5.
Easily known by the carioso-eancellate podetia, which, with the other
characters, show it to be a very distinct species. The basal squamules
are sometimes very small or evanescent, and minute squamules are rare
on the podetia. These latter are crowdedly and longitudinally suloate or
subfissured, and usually corymbosely divided at the apices. The apothecia
are cocasionally entirely sessile and subcoufluent on the podetia.
Hah. On clayey and sandy soil in maritime and upland wooded districts.—
Disir. Apparently local and scarce in S.W. and N. England, the
W. Highlands of Scotland, and S.AAA Ireland.—B. AI.: Horsemunden,
K e n t; Wyre Forest and Bewdley, AAtercestershire ; Ayton, Cleveland,
Yorkshire. Barcaldine, Argyleshire ; Loch Katrine, Perthshire ; Lochaber,
Inverness-sbire.
10. C. fimhriata F r. Lieh. E u r. (1831) p. 222.—ThaUus squamulose
a t th e b a se ; squamules minute, greyish-green above, white
beneath, occasionally evanescent; podetia usually somewhat elon
■7 i. li fi'
' '
' ]i'lii* I
CLADONIA.] CLADONIEI. 135 ! ■ ■' i ii| ri
gate, cylindrico-subulate or tubajform, scyphiferous, very thinly
pulverulent, white or glauco u s-wh ite ; soyphi with tho margin
usuaUy erect and crenate, regular or variously proliferous (K —,
CaCl—). Apotheoia brown, simple or confluent.—Cromb. Lioh.
Brit. p. 19 ; Grevillea, xi. p. IV2.— Cladonia p y x id a ta p. fim h ria ta
Mudd, Alan. p. 53, Brit. Clad. p. 9 ; Leight. Lioh. Fl. p. 61, od. 3,
p. 57. Scyphophorus fimhriaius Sm. Eng. El. v. p. 2 J3 ; Gray,
Nat. Arr. i. p. 419. Cenomyce fim h ria ta Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 62 ;
Tayl. ill Mack. El. Hih. ii. p. 81. Lichen fim h ria tu s Linn. Sp. PL
(1753) p. 1 1 5 2 ; Huds. El. Angl. p. 456 ; Lightf. El. Scot. ii.
p. 870 ; AVith. A rr. ed. 3, iv. p. 37 ; Eng. Bot. t. 2438. Coralloides
seyphiforme gracile, marginibus serraiis Dill. AIuso. 84, t. 14. f. 8,
et Coralloides scypihiforme, tuberculis fuscis, p. 79, t . 14. f . 6 A, b .
Lichenoides tubulosum proliferum, marginibus serratis Dill, in Hay,
Syn. ed. 3, 69. 30.—B r it. E x s .: Leight. nos. 325, 3 7 6 ,3 7 7 ; Mudd,
n. 1, Clad. nos. 14, 15, 17, 1 8 ; Bohl. n. 24.
From C. pyxidata, to which it is allied, this differs in the podetia being
wbitisb-pulverulent, often more extended, with narrower scyphi. In
these respects it is constant, and may with propriety be regarded as specifically
distinct. I t is a very variable plant in tbe characters of tbe
podetia. Sometimes they become denudate, and in this case are often
longitudinally ribbed (form costata Florke, Aludd, Brit. Clad. p. 11;
Leight. Licb. Fl. ed. 3, p. 58) ; and at otlier times they are once or twice
proliferous (form prolifera Ach., Aludd, I. c.). The scyphi also are occasionally
unequally denticulate at tbe margins (form denticulata ilo rk e ,
Aludd, Man. p. 54, Brit. Clad. p. 10), and" more rarely are cyatbiform,
with the margin squamulose (pteryyota Florke, Aludd, ^ Brit. Clad,
p. 11). These, however, are mere states of the type resulting from the
nature of tbe habitat, and more than one of them may at times be seen
on the same specimen. In this country the apothecia are rarely well
developed.
Hah. On the ground, roots of trees, and aniong mosses on old walls in
maritime, lowland, and upland districts.—D/sir. General and common in
Great Britaiu and Ireland, though seen but from comparatively few
localities, the more typical condition being rarer.—B. AI.: Epping lo rest,
Essex; Dorking, Surrey; New Forest, Han ts; Truro, Cornwall; Newmarket
Heath, Cambridgeshire; near Chipping Norton, O.xfords hire ;
Barmouth, Alerionethshire; Aber, Carnarvonshire; Over, Cheshire;
Ayton and Bilsdale, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Windermere, AVestmoreland.
New Galloway, Kirkcudbriglitsbire; Royal Botanic Gardens and
Braid Hills, Edinburgh; Barcaldine and Appin, Argyleshire ; Kilhn and
Blair Athole, Pertlisliire ; Countesswells AA’ood, near Aberdeen; Castleton
of Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Hotliiemurcbus, Inverness-sbire; Lairg,
Sutherlandshire. Kylemore, co. Galway.
Var. p . conista Nyl. Lich. Scand. (1861) p. 5 1 —Podetia short,
subturhinate, piilvernlont, groenish-grey ; soyphi simple, th e margin
suhentire.—Cromb. Grevillea, xi. p. 112.— Cladonia p y x id a ta y .
fim h ria ta b. conista Aludd, Brit. Clad. p. 10. Scyphophora conista
Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 421. Cenomyce fim h ria ta p. conista Aoh. Syn.
(1814) p. 251.— B r it. E x s .; Aludd, Clad. n. 13.
Differs in the size and form of the podetia, and in their simple (never