distinct and prominent. In the specimens gathered, which were old aud
sterile, the thallus is of a sordid-brown colour.
Hab. On the trunks of old oaks in open places in a wooded tract.—
Histr. Local and scarce in S. England.—B. AL : New Forest, Hants.
d. Thallus firm, solidlj' corticate, subroundly compressed or superficially
unequal ; cortical lay e r externally amorphous, internally
filamentose.
9. R. scopulorum Aoh. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 604.—Thallus
rigid, more or less compressed and shining, smoothish or longitudinally
unequal, lineari-laciniate, pale-greyish or pale straw-coloured ;
laciniæ sublinear, a tten u ate (medulla K - f yellowish, th en rusty-red).
Apothecia subpedicellate, marginal aud subterminal, moderate, pale-
testaoeous or pale-glaucous, th e receptacle somowhat smooth ; spores
oblong, straight, 0 ,0 1 2 -1 9 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 4 5 -6 5 mm. thick.— Gray,
Nat. Arr. i. p. 407 ; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 68 ; Sm. Eng. EL v.
p. 225 ; Tayl. in Alack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 85 ; Aludd, Alan. p. 74 ;
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 25 ; Leight. Lich. F l. p. 91, od. 2, p. 476,
ed. 3, p. 88.—Liehen scopulornm Retz. Obs. Bot. fasc. iv. (1791)
p. 30 ; Hicks. Crypt, fasc. iii. p. 18 ; AATth. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 57 ;
Eng. Bot. t. 688.-—Alost of these references belong only in p a rt to
th is species, from which u n til recently 11. cuspidata was no t clearly
distinguished. I t is also th e Lichen ealiearis pro pa rte of th e older
British authors.—B r it. Exs. ; Larb. Lioh. Hb. n. 247 ; Bohl. n. 112.
Recognized by tbe shining, rigid, cartilaginous tballus and the chemical
reaction of the medulla. I t varies in length, and is often little branched.
The apothecia are common and usually abundant, though in shady places
it is generally sterile. The spermogones are frequent, with spermatia
oblongo-cylindrical, 0,0035-45 mm. long, 0,0010-15 mm. thick.
Hab. On rocks in maritime districts.—Histr. General and common on
most of the rocky coasts of Great Britain and the Channel Islands, probably
also of Ireland.—B. AI. : Grosnez Common, Island of Jersey ;
Islands of Guernsey and Sark. Bolt Head, S. Devon ; St. Alichaels
Alount, Land’s End, and Lamorna Clitf, Cornwall ; St. Alary’s, Scilly
Islands; Harlech Castle, Alerionethshire; Tort Soderick, Isle of Alan;
Holy Island, Nortbumberland. Solway Frith, Kirkcudbrightshire ; Isle
of Alay, Frith of Forth ; Ailsa Craig, Frith of Clyde ; Island of AIull
and Airds, Appin, Argyleshire ; Portlethen, Kincardineshire ; Applecross,
Ross-shire ; Orkney Islands.
A’ar. p. incrassata Nyl. Bull. Soo. Linn. Normand, ser. 2, iv.
(1870) p. 15.—Thallus smaller, thiokish, rigid, subopaque, tu b er-
euloso-diiform, shoi'tly laciniate, sparingly divided (medulla K-|-
yellow and th en rustj--red).— Cromb. Jo u rn . Bot. 1874, p. 1 4 7 ;
Leight. Lioh. F l. ed, 3, p. 89.—B r it. Exs. : Larb. Lioh. Hb. n. 324.
A small, thick, stunted, and deformed plant, with the thallus scarcely
shining and less divided, and with broad, short laciniæ. I t is often
tuberciiloso-rugose from the numerous prominent spermogones. The
apothecia in British specimens are sparingly present.
Hah. On rocks in maritime tracts.—Dtiri-. Local and rare in tlie
(Tiannel Islands, S.AV. England, and N.AV. Ireland.—B. AI. : La Aloye,
Island of Jersey. Near Penzance, Cornwall. Near Renvyle, Coniie-
mara, co. Galway.
10. R. suhfarinacea Nyl. Flora, 1873, p. 06.—Thallus cæspitose,
suberect, shining, smoothish, rigid and fragile when dry, pale-
greenish or groenish-groy ; laciniæ lin eari-attenuate, short, roundly
compressed, usually much divided towards the apices, pulverulento-
sorediiferous (medulla and soredia K-|-yellowish and then ru sty -
red). Apotheoia small, marginal and subterminal, a t length convex,
th e receptacle subsmooth ; spores ohloug, straight, 0 ,0 1 2 -1 5
mm. loug, 0 ,0 0 4 -6 mm. thiok.—Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 47.—
Bamalina scopulorum var. suhfarinacea Nyl. ex Cromb. Journ. Bot.
1872, p. 74 ; Leight. Lioh. F l. ed. 2, p. 476, ed. 3, p. 89. liam a -
lina calicaris S. thrausta Aludd, Alan. p. 73 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 94
pro parte ; Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 25.—B r it. E xs. : Cromb. n. 23 ;
Larb. Lich. Hh. n. 323.
This looks as if related to R. farinacea, but tbe structure of tlie cortex
and the chemical reaction, as well as the general habit aud place of
growth, show its affinity to be rather with R . scopulorum, to which it
bolds tbe same relation as R. farinacea has to R. calicaris. Sometimes
it spreads extensively over the substratum, while at other limes it occurs
only in small tufts. I t is very rarely fertile in Great Britain, the spermogones
having the spermatia as in the preceding species.
Hab. On rocks and old walls in maritime and upland districts.—Histr.
General, and common where it occurs, on the rocky sea-coasts of the
Channel Islands and Great Britain, also in the mountainous tracts of .
England and Scotland ; no doubt also in Ireland.—B. AI. ; La Coupe,
Island of Jersey; Islands of Sark and Alderney. Near Plymouth, Ivy
Bridge, and Dartmoor, Devonshire ; near Penzance, Cornwall (frt.) ;
Annet Island, Scilly (frt.) ; Alalvern Hills, AA’oicestershire ; near Dolgelly
and Harlech Castle, Alerionethshire ; Aloel-y-golfa, Alontgomery-
shire; Beddgelei't and Snow’don, Carnarvonshire; Long Alynd, Shropshire
; Langbraugh, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; near Staveley, AVestmoreland ;
near Hexham, Northumberland ; St. Bees, Cumberland. Black Island
(frt.) and Airds, Appin, Argyleshire; Killin, Perthshire; Banchory
Devenick, near Aberdeen; Portlethen, Kincardineshire; Applecross,
Ross-shire.
11. R. CEspidata Nyl. BuU. Soo. Linn. Normand, ser. 2, iv.
(1870) p. 158.—Thallus rigid, suboompressed and slightly shining,
smoothish or longitudinally unequal, lacunose and tuberoulate,
linoari-laoiniato, p a le -g re jish or pale straw-coloured ; laciniæ
simple or dichotomously branched (medulla K — ). Apotheoia with
th e receptacle sometimes s tria tu la te ; spores substraight or slightly
subcurved, 0 ,0 1 0 -1 8 mm. loug, 0 ,0 0 4 -6 mra. thick.—Cromb. Journ.
Bot. 1872, p. 7 4 ; Leight. Lioh. Fl. ed. 2, p. 477, ed. 3, p. 89.—
Bamalina scopulorum p. cusjoidata Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 305.
Bamalina scopulorum p. cornuata Aoh., Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 407.
Liehen siliquosus Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 460 ; AATth. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 40.
Coralloides faseicidare verrueosum et veluti siliquosum Dill. AIuso.
119, t. 17. f. 38.— Lichen siliquosus, from specimens in herbaria,
IL
ill