May readily be distinguished from the allied species by the colour of the
thallus and of the minute apothecia. These are usually crowded, at iirst
concaye, becoming in age convex and immarginate. The spermogones,
rarely visible in our specimens, have the spermatia 0,011 mm. long. ^
Hab On old pales and the trunks of firs in lowland and upland mtua-
tions —Histr. Only a few localities in Great Britain and Ireland ; no
doubt often overlooked.—B. M. : Near Millhill and Edgware, Middlesex ;
near Worcester; Tugford Churchyard, Shropshire. Appm, A ip 'le -
shire ; near Loch Tummel, Perthshire. Maam, Oonnemara, co. Galway.
Var. p . o ch ro stoma Koerb. P a r. Lich. I. c.— Apothecia sub-
biatorine, convex, yellowish- or rusty-red, epruinose, iminarginJ e .
—Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 174 (exol. loc. cit.) ; Cromb. Grevillea,
xviii. p. 69.
Differs in the form and colour of the naked biatoroid apothecia. In
the few British specimens seen the thallus is almost obsolete.
Hab. On old pales in wooded districts.—Dfsir. Only sparmgly in S.
and W. England.—B. M. : New Forest, Hants ; Braydon Forest, Wiltshire.
Subsp. L. g la u c e lla Nyl. eæ Cromb. Grevillea, xix. (18 9 1 ) p. 60.
—Thallus glaucescent, a t times subevanescent. Apotheoia sublivid,
glauoo-pruinose, th e thalline margin entire, su b p ersistent;
spores 0 ,0 0 9 -1 3 mm. long, 0,0 0 3 -4 mm. th io k .— Lecanora albella
var. glaucella Flot. Lioh. E xs. ii. 348 (1850).
Characterized by the colour of the thallus and apothecia, which entitle
it to rank as a subspecies according to Nyl. in litt. The few British
specimens are well fertile.
Hab. On the bark of pine trees in an upland district.—Disir. As yet
o n l y very sparingly in N .W . England.—B . M . : Staveley, near Kendal,
Westmoreland.
123. L. fu g ien s Nyl. Flora, 1873, p. 289.—Thallus effuse, very
th in , granulate, scattered, glaucous or pale-whitish-yellow (K + yellow,
CaCl + orange). Apothecia minute, sessile, whitish-isabelline,
th e thalline margin entire or sometimes orenulate ; spores ellipsoid,
0 ,0 0 9 -0 ,0 1 3 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 5 -6 mm. thiok ; paraphyses slender ;
hymenial gelatine bluish, th en (especially th e thecæ) taw n y wine-
coloured with iodine.— Cromh. Grevillea, ii. p. 89 ; Leight. Lioh.
F l. ed. 3, p. 184.
Near L. piniperda (ex Nyl. I. c.\, but is well distinguished by the
characters given. In the two specimens seen the thallus is scattered
with the granules scarcely, or rarely, concrescent. The minute apothecia
are scattered, or here and there a few together. The spermogones have
the spermatia arcuate, 0,012-16 mm. long, 0,0005 mm. thick.
Hab. On rocks in maritime districts.—Dfsir. Extremely local and
scarce in the Channel Islands and N.W. Ireland.—B. AI. ; Kozel, Island
of Jersey. Near Salrock, Connemara, co. Galway.
124. L. metaholoides Nyl. Flora, 1872, p. 250.—Thallus effuse,
subgranulose, thin, whitish, often evanescent (K + yellow, CaCl—).
Apothecia small, biatoroid, a t first plane and th in ly margined, th en
convex, immarginate, pale, livid-brown or blackish, naked or
slightly pru in o se ; spores oblongo-ellipsoid, 0 ,007-11 mm. long,
0,0035 mm. th io k ; hymenial gelatine persistently bluish with
iodine.— Cromb. Jo u rn . Bot. 1882, p. 274. To this, fid e Nyl,
Flora, 1881, p. 184, is referable Biatora sarcopigioides Mass. Rich.
Lich. (1852) p. 128 ; Lecidea minuta var. sarcopisioides Cromb.
Lich. Brit. p. 6 9 ; Leight. Lioh. Fl. p. 266, ed. 3, p. 264. Tbis,
however, is a mere state of Nylander’s p lan t, whose name has a
wider and more definite signification.—B rit. Exs. : Cromb. n. 162
pro parte,
liOoks quite a Biatora, bnt the spermogones show its true relation.
I t is a somewhat variable plant both as to thallus and apothecia, though
the differences in these merely indicate states resulting from habitat. The
thallus is seldom well developed, and usually is entirely obsolete. A t
times it is dark-greyish with blackish apothecia (form obscurior Cromb.
Grevillea, xviii. p. 69). I t spreads very extensively over the substratum,
and is always abundantly fertile.
Hah. On old pales, decorticated stumps of trees, rarely on stems of
gorse, in maritime and upland wooded tracts.—Distr. Sparingly in S.W.
and N. England; abundant among the S. and Central Grampians, Scotland.'—
B. M .: Shanklin, Isle of Wight ; New Forest, Hampshire;
Stiperstones, Shropshire; Cleveland, Yorkshire; Ennerdale, Cumberland.
Achmore, Gleu Lochay and Finlarig, Killin ; Glen Fender, Blair
Athole, Perthshire.
125. L. polytropa Schaer, Enum. (1850) p. 81 pro p a r te ; Nyl.
F lora, 1872, p. 2 5 1 .—Thallus subdeterminate or effuse, gran u la
te - or rimoso-areolate, or subsquamulose, pale sulphur-coloured
or yellowish-green, often subevanescent (K + y ellowish, CaCl — ) ;
hypothallus, when present, th in , black. Apothecia small or
moderate, adnate, usually biatorine, a t first plane with th in ,
entire, subflexuose margin, a t length convex, with the margin
excluded, yellowish-flesh-ooloured or pale-testaoeous ; spores ellipsoid,
0 ,0 1 0 -1 3 ram. long, 0 ,0 0 5 -6 mm. th ic k ; paraphyses slender
or no t well d is c re te ; hymenial gelatine bluish, th en sordid-
violet with iodine.—Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. p. 6 9 ; Aludd, Man.
p. 1 5 1 ; Leight. Lich. FL p. 197, ed. 3, p. 180.—Lecanora varia
var. polytropa Cromb. Lich. B rit. p. 52. Lecidea polytropa Gray,
Nat. A rr. i. p. 475 ; Sm. Eng. F l. v. p. 185. Lecidea Ehrhartian-a
p. polytropa Hook. Fl, Scot. ii. p. 40. Lichen polytropus Eh rh .
Crypt. (1793) n. 2 9 4 ; Dicks. Crypt, fasc. iv. p. 2 2 ; Eng. Bot.
t. 1264 (two lower &gs.).— B rit. E x s .: Leight. n. 179 (atypical).
Often regarded as only a saxicolous variety of L. varia, this has now
been definitely separated by Nylander on account of the different characters
it presents. At the same time it is a very variable species both -as
to the thallus and apothecia. The thallus, which frequently spreads
extensively, varies in thickness and a t times is scarcely, if a t all, visible,
whence var. acrustacea Schaer, Aludd, Alan, p, 151; Leight. Exs. cit. A