margínate, brownish-black ; spores broadly ellipsoid, very obtuse at
th e apices, with a broad transverse septum, 0 ,0 1 6 -2 0 mm. long,
0 ,0 0 8 -1 2 mm. th io k ; paraphyses not very discrete, brownish a t the
clavate apices : hymenial gelatine bluish, the theoæ violet-coloured,
with iodiue.—Cromb. Jo u ru . Bot. 1875, p. 141 ; Leight. Lioh. IT.
ed. 3, p. 220.— Psora Bisdioffii Hepp, Lich. Europ. (1853) n. 81.
Well distinguished from the allied species by the broad septum of the
spores. Ill our few Britisli specimens the thallus is little visible, but the
apothecia are numerous. WTien these are immarginate the plant has
entirely a lecideine appearauce.
Ilah. Ou calcareous rocks in upland situations.—D i S f r . As yet only in
AV. En»land and the Central Grampians, Scotland ; uo doubt overlooked
elsewliCTe.—B. AI. ; Kodmarton and Stroud Koad, Gloucestershire ; En-
uerdale, Cumberland. Oraig Tulloch, Blair Athole, Perthsliire.
Var. ft. im m e rs a Cromb. Jo u rn . Bot. 1876, p. 360.—Thallus
evanescent. Apotheoia foveolato - immersed, somewhat plane,
blackish, th e margin brownish, involute.—Loight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3,
p. 2'2l.— lUnoilina Bischoffii ft. immersa Koerb. Par. Lich. (1865)
p. 76.
A rather inconspicuous plant, diftering from the type in the immersed
apothecia, with their usually involute margin. The thallus is generally
confused with the stone, but when visible it is whitish aud macular.
Hab. On calcareous rocks and walls in hilly tracts.—Distr. Local
and scarce in S.W. England.—B. AI. : Yatton aud Weston-super-AIare,
Somersetshire.
70. L. colobina Aoh. Lioh. Univ. (1810) p. 358.—Thallus subdeterminate,
th innish, g ran u la to -p u lv e ru len t, cæsio -g rey ish or
grevish-blaok (K + purplish). Apotheoia minute, adnate, somewhat
plaiie, blackish; th e thalline margin entire, thiokish, cæsio-greyish ;
spores oblongo-ellipsoid, sometimes slightly constricted in the middle,
0 0 1 6 -2 0 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 7 -9 mm. thick ; epithecium K + purplish.—
c ’romb. Jo u rn . Bot. 1882, p. 2 1 3 .— B r it. E xs. : Larb. Lioh. Hb.
n. 91.
A good species, readily distinguished from its immediate allies by the
different reactions. In the single British specimen seen the thallus is
leprose, dark, and the apothecia only sparingly present.
Hab. Ou the trunks of old elms iu a lowland district.—Dfsfr. As yet
only very sparingly in E. England ; no doubt to be detected elsewhere.
—B. M. ; Near Cambridge.
71. L. Conradi Nyl. Not. Sallsk. pro E. et F l. Eenn. Fiirh.
xi. (1871) p. 182.—Thallus subeffuse, verrucoso- or subleproso-
grknulate, thinnish, griseous or greyish-brown (K —, C a C l- ) .
Apothecia moderate, plane, blackish-brown, opaque, w ith the
th allin e margin rugulose or ohsoletely orenulate, a t len g th convex
and immarginate ; spores 4-looular, th e ceUs nucloolate, 0 ,0 2 6 -3 2
mm. long, 0,010-11 mm. th io k ; paraphyses no t very discrete,
brownish a t th e apices.—Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. p. 47.—Binodina
Conradi Koerb. Syst. Lieh. Germ. (1855) p. 123. Lecanora p y re -
niospora Nyl. Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 49 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. )i. 230,
ed. 3, p. 222.—B r it. Exs. : Larb. Cæsar. n. 78 ; Lioh. Hb. n. 263.
Closely resembles X. turfacea var. archcea .Ach., which does not occur
in our Islands, but differs in fhe character of tlie spores. The thallus,
which elsewhere varies in thickness, is iu our specimens tliin and at times
almost obliterated The apothecia are either scattered or crowded, the
young spores being 1-septate.
Hab. On decayed tu rf and the ground, rarely on old excrements of
sheep, in maritime aud upland districts.—Distr. Local and sparingly in
the Channel Islands, E. Eugland, aud S. AA’ales.—B. AI. ; La Aloye, Jersey ;
Islands of Sark and Jethou. Thetford AA’arren, Norfolk.
72. L. diplinthia Nyl. Ann. So. Nat. t. xix. (1863) p. 316.—
Thallus indeterminate, th in or thinnish, unequal or subgranulose,
pale-greyish or p ale-whitish (K - , CaCl - ). Apothecia small, plane,
brown (internally palo), th e th allin e margin entire ; spores ellipsoid,
4-looular (th e two apical loculi simple, th e two central each with 2
or sometimes 3 transverse cells), 0 ,0 2 3 -3 4 mm. long, 0,012—16 mm.
thiok ; paraphyses scarcely discrete.—Leight. Lich. F l. p. 230, ed. 3,
p. 222.
An interesting plant, formerly known only corticolous from New
Granada, S. America. I t is allied to the preceding species, but differs in
the character o fth e thallus, and in the smaller apothecia with their entire
thalline margin. The two British specimens seen are fragmentary, but
with numerous, crowded apothecia.
Hab. On the ground in fissures of rocks in a maritime district.—Dtsfr.
Extremely local and scarce in one of the Channel Islands.—B. AI. : The
Eperquerie and DTxcart Bay, Island of Sark.
73. L. umhriaofusca Nyl. Flora, 1860, p. 389.—Thallus determinate,
th in , subcontinuous or obsoletely rimulose, urabriiie-brown
or umbrine-blackish ( K - ,C a C l - ) ; hypothallus subplumoso-radiating,
leaden-coloured, usually limiting th e thallus. Apotheoia
lecideoid, miuute, adnate, black, submarginate ; spores brown,
0,010-11 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 6 -7 mm. th io k ; epithecium brown ; hypothecium
colourless.—Cromb. Grevillea, x. p. 23.
Looks quite a Lecidea, though the young apothecia are sublecanorine.
The spermogones have not been seen, but it evidently belongs to this
section, near to L. griseofusea Nyl., a Finland plant, to which it seems
closely related. I t forms small, dark maculæ upon the substratum,
which here and there become subconfluent. The single specimen seen is
well fertile.
Hab On siliceous stones in an upland tract.—Dfsir. Found only very
sparingly in E. England.—B. M. : Thetford AVarren, Norfolk.
74. L. æquata Nyl. Flora, 1884, p. 392.—Thallus effuse, thin.