PYIÎENOPSIS.J PYREBOPSEI. 25
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thickish, diffracto-i-imoso, dnrk- or nibrioose-brown, within sub-
conoolorous or darker in tlio lower portion. Apotheoia superficial,
uroeolato, minute, subooncolorous or slightly darker, the m argin thick,
elevated, e n tir e ; spores 8næ, 0,010-12 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 5 -6 mm.
thick ; hymenial gelatine, especially th e thecæ, bluish w ith iodine.—
Carroll, Journ. Bot. 1866, p. 22 ; Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 2 ; Leight.
Lioh. PL p. 14, ed. 3, p. 14.— Collema hoemaleum, var. hamatopis,
Somm. Suirpl. Fl. Lapp. (1820) p. 117.
From Euopsis hæmalea, with which it here grows associated, this is
externally distinguished by the tliicker thallus and the minute urceolate
apothecia. With us it is not usually seen with apothecia, though, when
pi'esent, these are numerous. Tlie spermogones in otherwise sterile
plants are frequent, with very minute ellipsoid spermatia.
Jlah. On shady mica-schist rooks in alpine places.—Eistr. Extremely
local and rare, among the S. Grampians, Scotland.—B. M. :
Summit of Ben Lawers, Perthshire.
2. P. fuscatula Nyl. Mém. Soo. Cherb. v. (1857) p. 143.—
Thallus effuse, noduloso-grauulate, dark-brown or brownish-black,
th e granules agglomerate and confluent in somewhat depressed glo-
merulos, which are more or less discrete and irreg u larly scattered.
Apothecia small, somewhat impressed, concolorous, th e margin oon-
n iv e n t; spores 8næ, 0 ,0 0 8 -0 ,0 1 0 mm. long, 0,00 4 5 -0 ,0 0 5 0 mm.
thick ; opithecium yellowish ; hymenial gelatine bluish, then violet,
with iodine.—Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 16, ed. 3, p. 14 ; Cromb. Journ.
Bot. 1874, p. 3.32.
This is a small species, characterized chiefly by the noduloso-graniform
thallus, -which either spreads moderately over the substratum, when the
glomerules are more discrete, or more frequently occurs in small interrupted
patches. The apothecia are rarely met 'with rightly developed,
though the spermogones are more common ; they are very minute, with
spermatia oblong or oblongo-cylindrical, 0,002 mm. long, about 0,0005 mm.
thick.
Huh. On granitic and schistose rocks in maritime districts.—Histr.
Bather local and rare, having been found only in the Channel Islands,
N. Wales, and the S.W. Highlands of Scotland.—B. M. : La Moye
and Boulay Bay, Island of Jersey. Near Barmouth, Merionethshire.
Island of Lismore, Argyleshire.
3. P. subareolata Nyl. Lich. Soand. (1861 ) p. 27, nomen.—I'hallus
effuse or subeffuse, thinnisb, dift'raoto-areolate, blackish, areolæ somewha
t plane. Apotheoia small, in nate, subconeolorous, th e epitbecium
impressed ; spores 8næ, 0,015 mm. long, 0,008 mm. thick ; hymenial
gelatine bluish, th en wine-reddish w ith iodine.—Cromb. Journ.
Bot. 1882, p. 271.—To this also apparently is referable Verrucaria
imhrida Tayl. Hook. Journ. Bot. vi. (1847) p. 153.
This species is comparable with P. concordatula Nyl., from which,
among other characters, it at once differs in the smaller spores. Tlie
British specimens seen are not very typical, the apothecia being sparingly
present, minute and scattered, but for the most part not well developed.
Hah. On moist schistose rocks in mountainous districts.—Histr. Very
local and scarce, in N. Wales and S.W. Ireland.—B. M. : Near Barmouth,
Merionethshire. Near Killarney, co. Kerry.
4. P. phylliscella Nyl. Flora, 1875, p. 102.—Thallus effuse,
squamulose, dark-brown, squamules somewhat subverrucoso-unequal,
subadnate, aggregate b u t not contiguous, rotundato-difform. Apothecia
endooarpoid, very minute, 5 -1 5 in each thalline squamulo ;
opithecium punotiform, concolorous, with th in thalline m arg in ;
spores 8næ, oblongo-ellipsoid, 0 ,0 0 5 -7 mm. long, 0,003 mm. thick ;
paraphyses few ; hymenial gelatine bluish, the theoæ d ark-violet with
io dine.—Cromb. Grevillea, iii. p. 190; Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 14.
The squamules of the thallus are composed of minute aggreo-ate
granules, which are usually distinct from each otlier, though heue 'and
there becoming contiguous. Its nearest ally is H tasmanica Nyl., rather
than any of our British species, though at first sight it somewhat resembles
P. fuscatula. The apothecia are numerous and cro-w'ded in the fertile
squamules, and the spermogones are not unfrequeut, with spermatia
thin, oblong, or fusiformi-ohlong.
Hal). On quartzose boulders in subalpine streams,—Hfsfr. Extremely
local and scarce, among the Central Grampians, Scotland.—B. M. ;
Ben-y-gloe, Blair Athole, Perthshire.
5. P. homoeopsis Nyl. Flora, 1868, p. 312.—Thallus effuse, thin,
subgranulose, unequal, subareolate, reddish-brown. Apothecia
minute, lecanoroid, concolorous, pale within, th e margin connivcnt,
opithecium narrow, colourless; spores 8næ, 0 ,0 1 1 -1 8 mm. long’
0 ,0 0 7 -1 0 mm. thick ; paraphyses slender ; hymenial gelatine red
or tawny wine-coloured with iodine.—Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1869,
p. 48 ; Lich. Brit. p. 2 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 15, ed. 3, p. 14. ’
This is closely allied to P. grmnulifera, Nyl., from which it differs
chiefly in the larger spores and gonimia, as also in the thallus being
internally paler, especially under the apothecia. In the few specimens
gathered, the thallus, except in one instance, was associated with Lecanora
Jrustulosa, and for the most part sterile.
Hah. On mica-schist rocks in alpine places.—Distr. Very local
and rare having been found only on two of the S, Grampians, Scotland.—
B, M. : Summits of Ben Lawers and Craig Calliach, Perthshire.
^ 6. P. furfurea Nyl. ex Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1874, p. 332.—
Thallus eftuse, thinnish, granulato-areolate, brownish-black or black,
when moist rubrioosely blackish or rubricosely reddish. Apothecia
minute, a t length nearly uroeolariforin, th e margin tumid ; spores
8uæ, 0 ,0 1 0 -1 2 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 7 -8 mm. thick ; hymenial gelatine
wine-red with iodine.—Leight. Lich. F l. ed. 3, p. lU — Collema
fu rfu re um Nyl. Flora, 1865, p. 353 ; Carroll, Journ. Bot. 1865,
p. 286 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 3 ; Leight. Lioh. Fl. p. 17.
^ According to Nylander, in litt., this somewhat anomalous species
IS perhaps referable rather to the genus Phyllisctim,, to which it approaches
in the structure of the thallus. “ This, which superficially is ruhiicoso-
reddish, as in Pyrenopsis, is internally colourless, gelatinose, and excavated
with minute, frequent, cellular cavities, among which are scattered
somewhat large, oblong, simple, glaucous gonimia, as in Phylliscum, which