land ; rare in the Chanuel Islauds and N. Wales ; not seen from Ireland.
—1!. M. : Island of Guernsey. Acle, Norfolk; Walthamstow, Essex;
Hichmond House, Surrey ; Withiel aud near Penzance, Cornwall ; near
Oxford ; Twycross, Leicestershire ; near Harboro’ Alagna, AVarwick-
sliire ; Buxton, Herhyshire ; uear Oswestry, Shropsliire ; Barmouth,
Alerionethshire; Ayton, Cleveland, Yorksliire; Teesdale, Durliam; near
Kendal, AVestmoreland; near Hexham, Northumberland. New Galloway,
Kirkcudbrightshire ; near Edinburgh ; Kirkfield, Lanarkshire ;
Appin, Argyleshire ; Dunblane, Perthsliire; Craig Tulloch, Blair Athole,
Perthshire ; Crathie, Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
Eorm te re tiu s c u la Nyl. Lioh. Scand. (1861) p. 112.—Laoiniæ
narrower, more discrete, somewhat convex ; otherwise as above.—
Parmelia cæsia p . teretiuscula Aoh. Lioh. Univ. (1810) p. 479.
Diflers from the type only in the minor characters of the laciniæ, and
intermediate states are not wanting. The British specimens are sterile.
Jlah. On rocks in maritime and mountainous districts.—Distr. Seen
only from AV. England and S.AV. Ireland.—B. AI. ; Penzauce, Cornwall ;
Alalvern, AVorcestershire ; Duukerron, co. Kerry.
21. P. o h scu ra Nyl. Act. Soo. Linn. Bord. sér. 3, i. (1856) p. 309.
— ThaUus orbiculari-stellate, closely appressed and aduate, dark or
greyish-brown ; beneath black-fibrillose ; laciniæ narrow, plane or
slightly convex ( K / , C aC l/) . Apotheoia sessile, small, blackish-
brown, naked, th e margin entire ; spores ellipsoideo-oblong, 0 ,0 1 5 -
25 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 9 -1 2 mm. th ick .—Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 3 9 ;
Leight. Lioh. El. p. 148 pro parte, ed. 3, p. 136 pro parte.—Borrera
ohscura Aludd, Man. p. 109 pro parte. Lichen ohseurus Eh rh . I ’l.
Crypt. (1785) n. 177. Parmelia eycloselis Aoh., Gray, Nat. Arr. i.
p. 444 pro pa rte ; Sm. Eug. El. v. p. 202 pro parte. Lichen cyclo-
selis Eng. Bot. t. 1942.—B rit. Exs. : Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 252.
In its typical condition, which has seldom been rightly described, the
thallus is entirely esorediate, with the margins of the laciuiæ eflhrillose.
Tiie form chloantha (Ach. Syn. p. 217), with “ pale-greyish thallus and
laciniæ lacerato-dentate at the margins,” has not yet occurred with us,
tliough recorded by Leighton, I. c., as British. In our specimens the
apothecia are fairly numerous. The spermogones are more frequent,
with spermatia oblong, 0,003 mm. long, about 0,001 mm. thick.
Jlah. On the trunks of trees in upland situations.—Distr. Seen only
from a very few localities in England and the S. Grampians, Scotland ; no
doubt frequent but overlooked.—B. AI. : Brockenhurst, New Eorest,
Hants ; near Cambridge ; near Ledbury, Herefordshire. Finlarig, Killin,
Perthshire.
22. P. lith o te a Nyl. Flo ra , 1877, p. 354.— Thallus orbicular,
appressed, narrowly laciniate, glaucous- or dark-brown, furfuraoeo-
or granuloso-sorediate ; beneath black-fibrillose ; laoiniæ plane,
closely imbricate, suboiliate a t th e margins ( K / , C aC l/) . Apothecia
central, blackish ; spores as in th e preceding species or slightly
smaller. Physcia ohscura subsp. lithotea Cromb. Grevillea, xv.
p. 78 ; form lithotea Leight. Lioh. Fl. cd. 3, p. 137. Parmelia cyclo-
selis p . lithotea Ach. Aleth. (18U3) p. 199.
Suhsimilar to P. ohscura, hut differs in being firmer, more or less furfuraceous,
aud e.specially in the cellular structure of the cortex, wliich
consists of rounded cells, being more distinct. In age nearly the whole
tliallus aud the margins of the laciuiæ are covered witli a dark furfur.
Ih e state scwstra (Ach. Aleth. Suppl. p. 40) differs merely in being
darker and sorediate ouly at the margins of tlie laciniæ. The apotheoia
when present (for it is usually sterile) are small and few.
Ilah. In depressions of rocks which are frequently moistened by the
sea and by lakes and streams in maritime and mountainous districts.—
Distr. Local and scarce in N. England, N. AVales ( / * Leigbt.), among
tlie H Grampians, Scotland, and in N.AV. Ireland.—B. AI. I'Near Newton,
Cleveland, A’orksliire ; Teesdale, Durham. Loch Docliart and Ken-
niore, Perthshire. Connemara, co. Galway.
23. P. u lo th rix Nyl. Flora, 1875, pp. 360, 442.—Thallus orbiou-
lari-stellate, greyish-glaucous or dark-brown, sometimes sublivid,
esorediate ; beneaH^ black-fibrillose ; laciniæ discrete, narrow, linear,
multifid, plane, eiliate a t tho margins, the cilia rigid, horizontal
(K_, C aCl_ ). Apothecia moderate, dark-brown, th e th allin e margin
entire, a t length infiexod, tho receptacle a t th e base black-
fibrillose ; spores oblong, 0 ,0 1 5 -2 5 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 9 -1 2 mm. thick.
--C rom b . Linn. Soo. Journ. Bot. xvii. p. ò l i .— Physcia ohscura var.
ulothrix Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 39 ; Leight. Lioh. ÉI. p. 149, od. 3,
p. 137.. Borrera ohscura I. ulothrix AiuOfrAiaxi. p. 1 1 0 . Parmelia
iJ tliT ix Tayl. in Alack. El. Hib. ii. p. 146. Liehen ulothrix Aob.
I ro d r . (1798) p. 113. Lichen virellus Eng. Bot. t. 1696 (lower
fig.). Lichen ciliatus Dicks. Crypt, faso. iii. p. 1 6 ; AVith. Arr.
cd. 3, iv. p. 30. Lichen stellaris var. 4, Al’ith. I. c. p. 31. Lichenoides
viride, segmentis angustis distortis, scutellis pullis Dill. Muso.
178, t. 24. f. 72 a .—B r it. Exs. : Leight. n. 80.
Usually regarded by more recent authors as a variety of the preceding ;
tins was rightly viewed by Acharius as a distinct species, as warranted
more especially by the peculiar character of the marginal cilia and in a
minor degree by the radiating fibrillose receptacle of the apothecia. In
tins fatter respect, as already observed, it is analogous to subsp. lArmelia
earporhizans, though^ in old plants this character is less apparent. AVheii
stenle it is readily distinguished by the horizontal marginal cilia of the
thallus. Ih e apothecia are numerous and often crow'ded, and the spermogones,
which seem to be rather rare, are as iu I \ ohscura.
Hab. On the trunks of trees, rarely on old pales and w'alls in maritime
and upland distincts —Disfr. Occurs only here and there in England, S.
Scotland and the Highlands,, and S. Ire la n d .-B . M. : Lakentom and
near lam io u th , Norfolk ; Brighton and Albourne, Sussex ; near Pen-
zance, Cornwall; Cirencester, Gloucestersliire; Gopsall Park, Leicestei-
shire ; Luxton, Derbysliire ; uear AVorcester. New Galloway, Kiikcud-
taghtslm-e ; Appm, Argyleshire ; Finlarig, Killiu, and Glen Fender. Blair
Athole, Perthshire. Carrigaloe, near Cork.
rid !