from upland to alpine situations.—Distr. Local iu E. and N. England,
N. Wales, and S. Scotland ; general and plentiful ou the Grampians; not
seeu from Ireland.—B.AI.: Near Norwich, Norfolk; near Bury St. Edmund’s,
Sufiolk ; Cwm Bychan, Alerionethshire ; Ayton Aloor, Cleveland,
Yorkshire; Teesdale, Durham. Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh; Beu
Cruachan, Argyleshire ; Ben Lawers, Ben Vrackie, Blair Athole, Perthshire
; Ivatelaw and Clova mts., Forfarshire; Alorrone, Ben Alacdlmi,
Glen Dee and mts. about Invercauld, Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Glen
Nevis, luverness-shire.
A'ar. y. gona to d e s Aoh. Lioh. Univ. (1810) p. 372.—Thallus
subramuloso, the branches divaricate, tortuous, gibbous, lobato-
verruoose, difform. Apotheoia very r a r e ; spores 0 ,0 3 6 -4 0 mm.
loug, 0 ,0 2 5 -2 7 mm. thiok.—Leigbt. Licb. F l. ed. 3, p. 176 (excl.
71. cit. ) ; Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. p. 70.— Lichen gonatodes Aob.
Prodr. (1798) p. 89.
\ peculiar and well-marked plant, though probably only a monstrosity,
as observed by Acharius (Lich. Univ. I.e.). I t is apparently extremely
rare in fruit, the spores having only been recently described by Nylander
(Inch. Nov. Zelaud. p. 145) from specimens gathered in the Falkland
Islands.
Hab. On decayed mosses on the ground in alpine situations.—DfsZr.
Only' a single specimen found on the N. Grampians, Scotland (Leighton’s
specimens from AA'ales belong to var. ß).—B. AI.; Summit of Beu Avon,
Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
Subsp. L. s u b ta r ta r e a Nyl. Flora, 1882, p. 550.—Thallus more
or less variolose or a t len g th leprose (K + yellow, the variol®
CaCl + reddish). Apothecia somewhat small or submoderate
(CaCl + reddish), th e thalline margin inflexed.—Cromb. Journ. Bot.
1882, p. 2 7 4 .— Lecanora tartarea subsp. qiallescens f. hprosa Nyl.
Not. Siillsk. pro F. et F l. Fenn. F o rh . v. (1886) p. 135. Lecanora
tartarea forma leprosa Leigbt. Lioh. Fl. ed. 3, p. 175. Var. ß. arbórea
Mudd, Man. p. 156 pro parte. Lichenoides tartareum farinaceum,
scutellarum umbone fusco Dill. Muso. 132, t. 18. f. 12.
The reactions of tbe thallus and apothecia show th at tliis belongs to
X. tartarea, of wbicb it is a good subspecies. AATien sterile it is easily
recognized by the variolarioid thallus, which at times becomes almost
entirely leproso-dissolved (form lejyi-osa Nyl. I. c., Cromb. Journ. Bot. I. c.).
The apothecia, seldom present, are few, usually small and difform, occasionally
crowned with the leprose thallus.
Hah. On the trunks of old trees and on rocks in upland and subalpine
situations.—Distr. Probably common in Great Britain and Ireland,
though seen only from comparatively few localities.—B. AI.; Eridge
Ilocks, Sussex; New Forest, H a n ts ; Falls of Beckey, S. Devon;
Roughton, Cornwall; Lynn Gwernon, Alerionethshire ; Rosedale, Yorkshire.
New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire; Roslin, near Edinburgh ;
Barcaldine, Argyleshire; Craig Calliach, Craig Tulloch, and Ben Vrackie,
Perthshire ; Alorrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. Ronayne's Island, Killarney,
CO . Kerry; Clonmel, co. Tipperary; Killerey Bay, Connemara,
CO . Galway.
155. L. parella Aob. Liob. Univ. (1810) p. 370 pro parte ; Nyl.
Not. Sallsk. pro F . et F l. Fen n . Forh. n. ser. v. (1866) p. 135.—
Thallus subdeterminato or effuse, thickish, granulato-rugose, verrucoso
granulate or rimoso-diffract, whitish or greyish-white (K —,
CaCl—) ; hypothallus white, usually littlo visible. Apothecia
moderate, concave, then plane, a t length more or less convex, rugose
or verruoose, pale, naked or white-pruinose (epitheoium K(CaCl)
+ reddish), th e thalline margin thick, entire (K(CaCl)—) ; spores
6 -8 næ (rarely 2næ), ellipsoid or subglobulose, 0 ,0 4 8 -8 8 mm. long,
0 ,0 2 5 -4 6 mm. thiok.—Cromb. Grovilloa, xviii. p. 70 ; Sm. Eng. Fl.
V. p. 191 ; Tayl. in Alack, F l. Hib. ii. p. 137 ; Hook. Fl. Soot. ii.
p. 48 ; Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 64 pro p a rte ; Leigbt. Lioh. Fl. p. 188
pro parto, ed. 3, p. 201 pro parte.—L. pallescens a. parella Aludd,
Alan. p. 155. Rinodina p arella Gray, Nat. A rr. i. p. 453. Lichen
parellas Linn. Alant. (1767) p. 1 3 2 ; Huds. Fl. Angl. ed. 2, p. 530 ;
L ightf. F l. Soot. ii. p. 814 ; W ith . Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 17 ; F u g . Bot.
t. 727. Lichenoides leprosum tinctorium, scutellis lapidam caneri
fig u r a Dill. AIuso. 130, t. xviii. f. 10. Pertusaria incarnata Leight.
Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 235 (cfr. Nyl. Flora, 1883, p. 534).— Brit. Exs. :
Leight. n. 8 ; Aludd, n. 125 ; Dicks. Hort. Sio. x. n. 23 : Bobl. n. 54 ;
Larb. Cæsar. n. 75 ; Liob. Hb. n. 300 ; Cromb. n. 166.
The Perelle d'Auvergne of S. France, so that, as observed by Sir J. E.
Smith, Linnæus ought to have written the trivial name perellus as in
Eng. Bot. &c. The thallus, usually very widely expanded, varies considerably
in thickness according to habitat, and when lignicolous and
corticolous is at times very scanty. The apothecia are numerous, often
crowded and anguloso-difform, almost obliterating the thallus ; they are
a t first depresso-globulose aud poriform (the disc being scarcely visible)
with very tumid tlialline margin, a condition which in some situations
seems to be permanent (form porinoides Cromb.). Lichen tumidulus Pers.
Ust. Ann. Bot. xi. (1794) p. 181, with shields crowded, tumid, the
margin thiokish (non Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 371), is only a corticolous (also
saxicolous) condition (var. tumidula Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 54 ; Leiglit.
Lich. Fl. p. 189, ed. 3, p. 202), not to be distinguished even as a form.
Hah. On rocks, walls, and trunks of trees, rarely on old pales, from
maritime to subalpine tracts.—Distr. General and common in Great
Britain and the Channel Islands; no doubt also in Ireland.—B.AI.:
Boulay Bay, Island of Jersey ; Chateau Point, Island of Sark. Greenwich
Park and near Tunbridge Wells, Kent ; Ardingly Rocks, Peasemarsh,
and nea,r Hastings, Sussex; Penzance, Duloe, and St. Issey, Cornwall;
near Tenby, Pembrokeshire ; Barmouth, Alerionethshire ; Llandyssil,
Cardiganshire; Nant Francon, Carnarvonshire; Bardon Hill, Leicestershire;
near Shrewsbury, Shropshire; Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire;
Eglestone, Durham ; St. Bees and Bassenthwaite, Cumberland ; Chollerford,
Northumberland. Arthur’s Seat and Aleadowbank AVoods, Edinburgh
; AVest Water, Fifeshire ; Barcaldine and Ballacliulish, Argyleshire
; Sidlaw Hills and Baldovan, Forfarshire ; Beu Lawers, Aberfeldy,
and Craig Tulloch, Blair Athole, Perthshire; Portlethen and Cove, Kincardineshire
; Alorrone, Glen Callater, and Glen Dee, Braemar, Aberdeenshire
; Glen Nevis, Lochaber, Inverness-shire ; Applecross, Ross-shire.
Annemount near Cork, aud Kilbrittain near Bandon, co. Cork ; Killarnev,
C O . Kerry.