absent, so tb at the thallus is indeterminate and developed directly from
the prothallus (cfr. Nvl. Pyr. Or. p. 34). The apothecia when present,
for the plant is ofteu sterile, at times remain persistently punctitorin.
Hah. On rocks, boulders, and walls from maritime to upland districts.
—Distr. General and common in England ; rarer in Scotland and the
Channel Islands; apparentlv very rare in S.AV. Ireland.—B. M .: Ca
Move and L’Etacq, Island of .1 ersey : Island of Alderney. Gorieston,
Suffolk; near Hastings, Sussex; Morwell Ilocks, Devonshire; near
Penzance, Cornwall; Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire ; Ankerdiue HiU,
Worcestershire; Buekstone, near Monmouth, and Croesfaen, Alonmouthshire;
Barmouth, Dolgelly, and Aberdovey, Alerionethshire; Dlyn
Geirionydd, Carnarvonshire ; Oswestry and Ilaughmond Hill, Shropshire ;
Ayton and Guisboro’ Aloors, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Eglestone,Durham ;
near Hexham, Northumberland; Staveley, Kendal, Westinoreland.
King's Park, Stirling ; Ballacliulish, Argyleshire ; Craig Calliach, Perthshire
; Portlethen, Kincardineshire ; The Stocket, near Aberdeen ; Apple-
cross, Eoss-shire. Dunkerron, co. Kerry.
A'ar. ¡3. peliscyphoid.es Nyl. Elora, 1872, p. 364.—Thallus aud
apotheoia as in L . pelioeyphn, b u t th e th allin e reaction K (CaCl) +
reddish.—Lecanora p d isc yp h a Cromb. Jo u rn . Bot. 1873, p. 1 3 4 ;
Loight. Lioh. Fl. ed. 3, p. 172 (quoad loc. cit.).
\ good variety entirely referable to this species, though externally
similar to the precediug, for which the British specimens were originally
taken. I t is one of tliSse lichens in which the Nylanderian reactions are
most useful for the discrimination of plants which otherwise might
readily be confounded.
Hah. On walls in a maritime distinct.—Distr. Only in N.E. Scotland,
where in the locality given I believe it is plentiful.—B. AI.; About
Portlethen, Kincardineshire.
187. L. ru fe s c en s Nyl. Flora, 1872, p. 364, 1879, p. 356.
Thallus squamulose, rimoso-areolate or areolato-glebulose, reddish or
reddish-brown (K (C aC l) -) , dark beneath. Apotheoia immersed,
small, one or several immersed in each areola, a t first concave th en
somewhat plane, th e thalline margin irreg u lar ; spores 0 ,0 0 3 -4 mm.
long, 0,001 mm. th ick ; hymenial gelatine bluish, th en tawny w ith
io d in e .-C rom b . Grevillea, xix . p. 58.— Urceolaria rufescens Sm.
Eng. El. V. p. 173. Lecidea rufescens Borr. Eng. Bot. Suppl,
t. 2657. Acarospora cervina y. rufescens Aludd, Alaii. p. 159.
Endocarpon smaraydalmn S. rufescens Leight. Angio. Lioh. p. 16,
t. 4. f. 4. Saqedia rufescens Turn, in Ach. Lich. L niv. (1810)
p. 329.
Often confounded with L. fuscata, but at once distinguished by the
negative thalline reaction. I t is more nearly related to L . smaragdula,
of which it may probably be the more developed and typical condition.
The apothecia are at times numerous and crowded.
Hah. On rocks and walls, chiefly arenaceous, rarely schistose, in
maritime and upland districts.—Distr. Only a very few localities in E.
and N. England, W'ales, and the S.AV. Highlands of Scotland.—B. AI. ;
Gorieston, Suffolk; Dolgelly, Alerionethshire ; Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire.
Appin, Argyleshire.
188. L. rh a g a d iz a Nyl. Flora, 1881, p. 1 7 8 .-T h a llu s conti-
) variously rhagadiosely fissured, dark-olive-greyish
h V j4pothecia small, in nate, concave or plane, reddishnesh
ooloured ; paraphyses slen d er; spores ohlongo-baoOlar, about
0,0035 mm. loug, about 0,0010 mm. th ic k ; hymenial gelatine
tawny-wine-coloured with iodine.—Cromb. Grevillea, x. p. 23.
diffiri’f o X ” observed by Nylander 7 c., near L. rufescens, but
difiers m the characters given of the thallus and apothecia. In the siutee
specimen gathered the thallus is well fertile. “
t v L Z s‘“ ‘4stone rocks iu a maritime locality,—Disir. E.xc
Z h e r iaM ) “ (Barrowmouth, Whitehaven,
189. K adm iss a Nyl. Flora, 1867, p. 370, e t 1872, p. 364.—
ih u llu s indeterminate, adnate, anguloso-areolate, brownish- o rd a rk -
n f f ®°'f contiguous, opaque, blackish beneath
j. Apothecia minute, impressed, somewhat angular
subconeolorous, th e thaUine margin obtuse or little distinct ; paraphyses
moderate, jo in ted ; spores oblong, 0 ,0 0 4 -5 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 1 0 -
15 mm. th ic k ; hymemal gelatine bluish, th en taw n y wine-coloured
w ith io d in j--C rom b . Grevillea, xix. p. 5 8 . - L . discreta Leight.
Lioh. Ei. ed. 3, p. 171 pro parte.
A good species w j l separated from L. rufescens, to which it is allied
hy the characters of the thallus and the fructification. The apothecia
11- 7 7 ’ ¿ f t several slightly impressed in each areola,
in the bcottish locality the thallus was widely expanded, and, alone- with
schistose rocks in suhalpine and alpine situations.—
Distr. Extremely local and rare in N. Wales and on one o fth e S. Grampians,
Seotiand.—B. AI. : W Eegle fawr, near Barmouth, Alerionethshire.
buinmit of Ben Lawers, Perthshire.
190. L discreta Nyl. Flora, 1872, p. 364.—Thallus verruooso-
a r e o l a t j d a rk -o r badious-brown, th e areolæ turgid, discrete, subrugulose
(K--_, C a C l- ) . Apotheoia minute, impressed in the areolæ
a t times slightly convex in the centre, concolorous, th e th allin e
margin obtuse; spores oblong, 0 ,0 0 3 -4mm. long, 0,001 mm. th ick -
paraphyses slender; hymenial gelatine w ine-red w ith iodine.— Cromb’
GreviUea, xix . p. 58 ; Leight. Lioh. Fl. ed. 3, p. 171 pro parte.—
1 armeha squamulosa y. discreta Aob. Meth. Suppl. (1803) p 41
Lecanora admissa (non Nyl.) Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 57 ; Leight. Lioh.'
x l. p. 185.
Characterized hy the normaUy turgid and discrete thalliue areolæ •
though occasionally in the British specimens they are here and therè
more depressed and subcontiguous, rarely several confluent. The apo-
tJiecia are usuaUy solitary, but sometimes several in each areola.
Da5. On rocks in subalpine tracts.—Disfr. Local and scarce in N
England and on the N. Grampians, Scotland.-B. AI. ; Teesdale, Durham.
Summit of the Khoil^ near Ballater^ Aberdeenshire.