Well distinguished from Cetraria by the form of the spermogones,
though in oue section the form of the spermatia indicates some afliniW
The thallus is at length free, or affixed to the suhstvatum by a lew rhizinæ,
and is more variable in colour than in Cetrax-ia. When it is memhrana-
ceo-dilated, as it sometimes is, it resembles Parxxielia, but is separated
by the spermogones.
A. Spermatia slightly incrassate or clavate a t the obtuse aqiices.
a. Thallus erect, becoming free, concolorous on both sides,
th e laciniæ elongate.
1. P. nivale NjT. Act. Soo. Linn. Bord. sér. 3, i. (1867) p. 295.—
Thallus fruticuloso-crect, foliaoeo-expanded, sinuato-laciniate, pale
straw-coloured or ochroleucous, usually tinged brown-ochraoeous a t
th e base ; laciniæ eanaliculato-patulous, retioulato-lacunose, dentate
a t th e apices (K ~ , CaCl“ ). Apothecia adnate on th e fro n t of
th e laciniæ, subterminal, moderate, yellowish flesh-coloured, the
margin c r e n u la te s p o r e s small, 0 ,0 0 7 -9 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 4 -5 min.
thick.—-Nyl. Syn. i. p. 302, t. 8. f. 33 ; Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 26 ;
Leigbt. Lich. Fl. p. 99, ed. 3, p. 9 3 — Cetrax'ia ixivalis Graj', Nat.
Arr. i. p. 4 3 3 ; Hook. F l. Soot. ii. p. 57 ; Sm. Eng. El. v. p. 221 ;
Mudd, Man. p. 78. Liehen nivalis Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) p. 1145 ;
Dicks. Crypt, fasc. iii. p. 17 ; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 6 0 ; Eng. Bot.
t. 1994. Lichenoides lacunosmn caxididum glahx'um, exidivice erispæ
/«ofe Dill. Muse. 162, t. 21. f . 56 a .— Bx-it. E x s .: Leight. n. 43 ;
Mudd, n. 53 ; Cromb. n. 24.
This beautiful species, so characteristic of Arctic and Alpine regions,
often forms dense tufts, occasionally of considerable size. The apothecia
do not occur in this country, but tlie spermogones are occasionally seen.
They appear as black marginal papillæ, with sterigmata subsiniple, or
2-3-artieulate, and spermatia 0,006-7 mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick.
Hab. On the ground among mosses and on bare detritus in alpine places.
—Histr. Kather local, though plentiful among the Grampians, Scotland,
chiefiy in Braemar.—B. M. : Ben Lawers, Perthshire ; Bassies, Clova,
Forfarshire ; Lochnagar, Ben-nahoord, Morrone, Ben Avon, Ben Alacdhui,
Cairngorm, Cairntoid, sources of the Dee, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Beu
Nevis, Inverness-shire.
2. P. cucuUatum Nyl. Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. sér. 3, i. (1867)
p. 295.—Thallus fruticuloso-erect, foliaceo-oomqdanate, smooth,
canalioulato-laciniate, pale ochroleuoous, usually tinged purplish at
th e base ; laciniæ sinuato-divided, th e margins connivent, undulate,
naked, somewhat recurved a t th e apices (K “ , CaCl“ ). Apotheoia
adnate on th e back of the lobes, subterminal, often dilated, pale
flesh-coloured, th e margin th in , or a t length excluded ; spores
0 ,0 0 7 -1 0 mm. long, 0,004 mm. thiok.— Cromh. Jo u rn . Bot. 1870,
p. 9 6 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 99, ed. 3, p. 94.— Cetraria cuaidlata
Mudd, Man. p. 87. Lichen cucidlatus Bellard, Obs. Bot. (1788)
p. 54. Lichenoides marginibus coëuntibus et velut tubulosum Dill.
Muse. 162, t. 21. f. 56 ii.— B r it. Exs. : Cromb. n. 132.
In Great Britain this occurs ouly iu small, scattered tufts. I t differs
from the preceding in the narrower laciniæ, connivent at the margins,
and when fertile in the position of the apothecia. With us it is sterile.
Hah. On the ground among mosses in alpine places.—Histr. Known
only from the summits of some of the higher N, Grampians, Scotland.
—B. AI. : Cairntoul and Gairiigorni, Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
h. Thallus subascending or appressed, more or less closely
adherent, subdisoolorous ; laciniæ somewhat narrow.
3. P. sæpincola Nyl. Act. Soo. Linn. Bord. sér. 3, i. (1856)
p. 295.—Thallus small, smooth, laciniato-lobed, olive- or chestnut-
brown, beneath paler ; laciniæ decumbent or ascending, somewhat
qdane, th e margins imdulato-sinuate or crenate (K “ , CaCl“ ).
Apotheoia submarginal, adnate, small or moderate, dark-brown or
subconeolorous, shining, tb e margin th in , crenate ; spores ellipsoid
0 ,0 0 6 -1 0 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 5 -6 mm. thick.—Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 26
pro parte ; Leight. Lioh. Fl. p. 100 pro parte, ed. 3, p. 94 pro parte.
— Lichen sæpincola E h rh . P h y t. (1780) n. 90 ; Eng. Bot. t. 2386.
f. 2.—To this, from specimens in herbaria, is not referable tho
Liehen or Cetraria sepineola of other British authors, whioh refers
to th e following species.
A small plant, with the thallus rosulate, pulvinate, or sometimes effuse,
and generally smaller when fertile than wlien barren. The small and
crowded apothecia are rare in this country, as also the spermogones,
which have the spermatia 0,006 mm. long, scarcely 0,001 mm. thick.
Hab. On old pales and branches of trees, mostly firs, in mountainous
districts.—Histr. Very local and scarce, in the N. Grampians, Scotland ;
very doubtfully in N. Englaud.—B, AI. : ? Teesdale, Durham. Glen
Quoich and Glen Dee, Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
4. P. ulophyllum Nyl. Flora, 1869, p. 4 4 2 .—Thallus moderate,
smooth or isidio-furfuraoeous, laoero-laciniate, greyish- or pale ohest-
n u t-b row u , beneath paler ; laciniæ subapqiressed or a.scending, somewhat
narrow, variously divided, th e margins uudulato-orisp and
white sorediato-pulverulent (K “ , CaCl.“ ). Apothecia submarginal,
small, the margin suborenulate or entire ; spores as in the preceding
species.—Cromb. Grevillea, xii. p. 7 5 .—Platysma sæpincola var.
idophyllum Leight. Lich. Fl. p. lOU, ed. 3, p. 95. Cetraria sepin-
cola ft. ulophylla Aoh. Aleth. (1803) p. 297. Cetrax'ia sæpincola
Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 432 ; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 57 ; Sm. Eng. Fl.
V. p. 220 ; Aludd, Alan. p. 80. Lichen sepineola Dicks. Crypt, fasc.
iii. p. 18 ; With. Arr. ed. 3, i. v. p. 73 ; Eng. Bot. t. 2386. f. 1.—
Bx-it. E.vs. : Leight. n. 45 ; Aludd, nos. 55, 56.
From P. sæpincola, of which it has generally been regarded a variety,
this is distinguished by the longer and broader, sometimes isidio-fiirfu-
raceous laciniæ, which when fully developed are somewhat flaccid, and
by their crisp sorediate margins. The states by which it has been supposed
to he connected with the preceding are merely young and non-
isidliferous conditions of this plant. The small apothecia have only once
been met with in this country rightly developed.