Brit. p. 41 ; Leight. Lioh. IT. p. 159, ed. 3, p. 14C. Lichen p o ly r -
rhizos Linn. Sp. IT. (1753) p. 11 5 1 ; Lightf. F l. Scot. ii. p. 8 6 4 ;
AVith. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 64. Gyrophora pellita Aoh., Turn. & Borr.
Lioh. Br. p. 2 4 0 ; Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 478 ; Hook. IT. Soot. i. p. 42 ;
Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 2 1 9 ; Tayl. in Alack. El. Hib. ii. p. 155. Lichen
p ellitus Eng. Bot. t. 931. Lichen velleus Huds._ Fl. Angl. p. 454.
Lichenoides pulliim superne glahrmn, inferne nigrum et cirrhosum
Dill. AIuso. 226, t. 30. f. 136.— B rit. E-rs. : Aludd, n. 89.
Somewliat similar to G. polygihylla, but differs at once in the black
hirsute fibrilUe of the under surface. The upper is somewhat shining,
and is occasiouallv sprinkled with a few small, irregular tufts of black
fibres. The apothecia, which are very rare iu this country, are finely
gyroso-complicate, resembling, as stated in Sin. Eug. Fl. I. c., “ the finest
aud most beautiful filagree-work.”
Hab. On rocks and boulders in upland and subalpine districts.-Dfsb-.
Soniewliat local and scarce iu AAA, N. England, and N. Wales; general
and plentiful among tlie Scottish Grampians; rare m E. Irtiand (co.
AATcklow).—B.AI.: Dartmoor, Devoushire; Helminton, Cornwall;
Oarnedd Dafydd, Carnarvonshire ; Cwm Bychan and near Barmouth,
Alerionethshire ; Ayton Aloor, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Teesdale, Durham;
The Cheviots, Northumberland; Ennerdale, Cumberland. New Galloway,
Kirkcudbrightshire; Dalraalioy Ilill, near Edinburgh ; Aberfeldy, Amulree
and Glenshee, Perthshire ; Cortachy and Clova, Forfarshire; Loch-
na»ar Loch Phadrig. Glen Callater, and Gleu Dee, Braemar, Aherdeeu-
shfre ;’ uear liothiemurchus, Ben Nevis, and Ben Ferrog, Inverness-shire.
Form lu x u ria n s F r. fil. Lioh. Soand. (1871) p. 159.—Thallus
polyphyllous, lobulate or somewhat laciniate and crisp a t tho
margins, beneath subnaked.— Cromb. Grevillea xv. p. 79.— Umhilicaria
polyrrhiza var. lu.vurians Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 4 1 ; Leight.
Lich. IT. 'ed. 3, p. 147. Gyrophora p e llita p. luxurians Aoh. Lioh.
Univ. (1810) p. 228.
As its trivial name denotes, this is a more luxuriant state of the type,
with the thallus more divided, the lohes often much congested, crisp at
the margins, and much less (or scarcely) fibrillose ou the under surface.
I t is not seen fertile.
Hab. On rocks, boulders, and stone walls in mountainous districts.—
Histr. Only in S.AV. England and among the Grampians, Scotland.—
B AI AValkhampton and Sharpitor, S. Devon. Ben Lawers and near
Tummel Bridge, Perth sh ire ; Gleu Callater, Braemar, Aberdeensliire;
Glen Nevis, luverness-shire.
Scries V. Placodei Nyl. Alem. Soc. Cherb. vii. (1355) p. 175.
Thallua variously crustaceous, sometimes evanescent, raroly entirely
wanting ; medullary layer, when present, usually cretaceous.
Apothecia leoanorine, lecideine or biatorine, or lirellæform ; p a ra physes
discrete or coherent, rarely not distinct. Spermogones with
various sterigmata and spermatia.— Plaeodeoe Nyl. Alem. Soo. Cherb.
ii. (1854) p. 13.
A very extensive series comprehending by far the largest number of
Lichens. I t is very variable in tlie characters of the thallus and fructification,
though the tribes of which it is composed are in both these respects
related to each other by connecting links. The less developed thallus,
the absence of a distinctly filamentose medullary layer, and the inferior
type of the apothecia distinguish it from the preceding series. The thallus
is rarely hypophloeodal, aud the apothecia are rarely parasitic.
Tribe X V I I I . LECANO-LECIDEEI Nyl. Flora, 1882, p. 458.
Thallus crustaceous ; laciniate, squamose, granulose or pulverulen
t, sometimes b u t little visible, occasionally absent ; in ternally
rarely entirely cellular, containing gonidia, rarely gonimia ; hypothallus
more or less distinct. Apothecia lecanorine, lecideine or
biatorine, oocasionally difform. Spermogones w ith jointed or simple
sterigmata.
This comprises the numerous species of the Lecanorei and Lecideei,
formerly in the Nylanderian arrangement regarded as distinct tribes.
They are now, however, more naturally united into a single tribe from
the circumstance th at in some instances lecanorine apothecia are not to
be distinguished from lecideine ; wliile in certain cases normally biatorine
apothecia occur in species otherwise entirely referable to the Lecanorei.
The tribe is primarily divided into six subtribes (one of which, Heppiei,
does not occur in Great Britain), difiering from each other in the fructification.
Subtribo I . P A N N A R I E I Nyl. Flora, 1882, p. 458.
Thallus squamulose or granulose, rarely monophyUous, cellular in
texture, containing gonimia, which are usually somewhat moniliform.
Apotheoia eith e r leoanorine or biatorine, ra re ly lecideine ;
spores 8næ, colourless, simple or variously septate ; paraphyses
discrete, often thickish, generally articulate. Spermogones w ith
jo in ted sterigmata.
A subtrihe well characterized by the structure of the thallus. Since it
contains gonimia it holds much the same position iu this as the Peltigerei
in the preceding .series, though the texture is otherwise very different.
56. PANNARIA Del. in Dub. Bot. Gall. (1830) p. 606 ; Nyl.
emend. Flora, 1879, p. 360.—Thallus laciniately divided or squamulose.
Apothecia lecanorine ; spores eUipsoid or oblong, simple ;
hymenial gelatine variously tinged with iodine. Spermogones with
spermatia somewhat short, cylindrical, slightly thickened and obtuse
a t either apex.
f i t .