— Physcia p a rie tin a S. laciniosa et </>. concolor Mudd. Mau. pp. 113,
114. Parmelia parietina e. laciniosa Duf. iu F r. Lioh. E u r. (1831)
p. 73. Physcia candelaria Mudd, Mau. p. 114. Lecanora candelaria
Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 51 pro parte ; ï a j 'l . iu Maok. El. Hib. ii.
p. 139 ; Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 48 ; Loight. Lioh. El. p. 182, ed. 3,
p. 107. Squamaria candelaria Sm. Eng. F l. v. p. 194. Psoroma
caïulelarium Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 445. Lichen candelarius Huds.
El. Augl. p. 444 ])ro parte ; Lightf. El. Scot. ii. p. 811 pro p a rte ;
With. Arr. p. 27 pro pa rte ; Eng. Bot. t. 1794. Lichen concolor Dicks.
Crypt, fuse. iii. p. 18, t. ix. f. 8 pro maxima p a rte .—TAiAeii candelarius
of Linnæus and the older authors is a nomen vagum including
species belonging to different genera and cannot be retained.
Liehen concolor Dicks, pro pa rte must also be rejected iu order to
jirevent confusion with Lecanora concolor Ham. In Lamy, Lich.
Mt. Dor. p. 65, Nylander proposes th e name concolorans, but, as he
states, Lioh. Scand. p. 108, th a t Parmelia laciniosa Duf., according to
original specimens, is en tirely this species, Dufour’s name must be
adopted.—Drit. Eæs. : Leight. n. 12 ; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 53.
Closely resembles states of Physcia lychnea, with which it has often
been confounded. I t is, however, Avell distinguished by the absence of
any reaction aud by the number of the spores. The apothecia are not
usually present iu tlie British specimens. Var. yranulosa Leight. ll. cc.
Exs. n. 12, is only a stunted, more granulose state, of common occurrence.
Hah. On trunks of trees and on old pales, rarely on walls, in maritime,
lowland, and upland districts.—Distr. General and common in Great
Britain; apparently rare iu Ireland and the Chanuel Islands.—B. M. :
St. Lawrence, Island of .lersey ; Vale Castle, Island of Guernsey. Walthamstow
and Eppiug Forest, Essex; renslmrst Park, Kent; Lyndhurst,
New Fore.st, Hants; near Penzauce, Cornwall; Stowell Park, Gloucestershire
; Windsor Great Park, Berkshire ; Cherry Hinton, near Cambridge
; Berwick, near Shrewsbury, Shropshire; near Barmoutli, Merionethshire
; Stokesley, Yorkshire ; ' near Kesivick, Cumberland; Levens
Park, Westmoreland, Donne Castle aud Killin, Perthshire ; Durris,
Kincardineshire ; Abergeldie, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Fort William
and liothiemurchus, Inverness-shire. Near Limerick; Blackrock, near
Cork ; Killarney and Dunkerron, co. Kerry.
24. L. v ite llin a Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 403.— Thallus effuse,
subareolate, grauulose, vitelline or yellow-vitelline; granules minute,
crenate or sublobulate or verrucoso-glomerate, usually crowded
(K — ). Apothecia submoderate, sessile, plane or convex, tawny- or
livid-yellow (K—), th e thalline margin entire or granulato-crenulate
; spores (1 2 -2 4 -3 2 næ ) ellipsoid or oblong, simple or ohsoletely
1-septate (or apically 2-looular), 0 ,0 0 8 -1 5 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 4 -6 mm.
thick.—Cromb. Lieh. B rit. p. 48 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 180, ed. 3,
p. 186 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 192 ; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 49 ; Tayl. in
Mack. F l. Hib. ii. p. 138.— Callopisma vitellinum Mudd, Man. p. 135.
Lichen viteUiuus Ehrh. Exs. (1785) n. 1 5 5 ; Dicks. Crypt, fasc. iv.
p. 2 3 ; Eng. Bot. t, 1792. To th is is also referable var. corrvscans
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 48 ; Leiglit. Lich. El. p. 181, ed. 3, p. 167.—
Parmelia vitellina ft. corruscans Ach. Meth. (1803) p. 177.—Brit.
Eæs. : Larb. Lioh. Hb. nos. 214, 297, 298 ; Bohl. n. 78.
The thallus forms a thinnish, continuous or subdiffraot crust, and
generally spreads somewhat extensively over the substratum. In its
more typical state, with the thalline granules and those of the margin of
the apothecia distinctly crenate, it is var. corruscans Ach. Lich. Univ.
p. 140 {vide Nyl. Lich. Scand. p. 141). When growing on maritime
rocks, both the thallus and apothecia at times give an ahnorinally
brownish-red reaction with K, the result probably of being suffused with
salt water. The apothecia are numerous, generally crowded aud then at
times anguloso-diffjrm, yellow suffused, and often yellow-olivaceous.
Hah. On rocks, walls, and on the earth in their crevices, also on trees
and old pales in maritime, lowland and upland situations.—Distr. General
and common iu most parts of Great Britain, the Channel Islands, and
no doubt also of Ireland.—B. M. : Rozel, Island of Jersey; Islauds of
Guernsey and Sark. Near Cromer, Norfolk ; Y’armouth, Suffolk ; Wal-
tbamstoAV, Essex ; Dartmoor, Devonshire ; St. Minver, Oornwall ; Madingley,
Cambridgeshire ; near Buxton, Derbyshire ; Malvern Hills,
Worcestershire ; Longmynd, Shropshire ; Barmouth, Merionethshire ;
Island of Anglesea; near Aytou,Cleveland, Yorkshire; Alston, Cumberland
; Staveley, near Kendal, Westmoreland ; Stocksffeld, Northumberland.
Craigleith, near Edinburgh ; Appin, Argyleshire ; Killin and
Blair Athole, Perthshire; Will’s Braes, Forfarshire; Portlethen, Kincardineshire
; Rothiemurchus, Inverness-shire. Near Belfast, co. Antrim ;
Kylemore Lake, Oonnemara, co. Galway.
Var. ft. aurella Aoh. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 177.—Thallus with
th e granules scattered, o ften subevanescent. Apotheoia miuute, the
thalline margin entire or a t length excluded.—Cromb. Lioh. Brit,
p. 48 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 181, ed. 3, p. 167.— Verrucaria aurella
Hoffm. Deutsch. F l. ii. (1791) p. 197.
Differs from the type, with which it may be confluent, in the less
contiguous, more or less obliterated thallus, and in the much smaller
apothecia which frequently become biatoroid.
Hab. On rocks and walls in maritime and upland tracts.—Disir.
Apparently local in the Channel Islands, the S.W. Highlands, and the
S. Grampians, Scotland.—B. M. : Chateau Point, Island of Sark. Achrosagan
Hill, Appin, Argvleshire ; Killin, Perthshire.
Subsp. L. xanthostigma Nyl. Not. Sallsk. pro F. & Fl. Fenn.
Forh. V . (1866) p. 130.—Thallus effuse, thin, suhleprose. Apothecia
small.—Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. p. 45.— Lecanora xanthostigma
Cromb. Jo u rn . Bot. 1832, p. 273. L . eitrina ft. xanthostigma Ach.
Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 403. Lichen citrinus Eng. Bot. t. 1793 upper
fig-
Characterized by the thinner, more leprose thallus, whioh at times is
somewhat scattered. Nylander observes I. c. that it may be a distinct
species. In the fertile British specimens the apothecia are numerous, at
length convex, with the thalline margin obliterated.