sliire ; Rhyl, Flintshire ; Beaumaris aud Puffin Island, Anglesea; Llangollen,
Denbighshire; Dovedale, Derbyshire; Oswestry, Shropshire;
Eglestone, Durham ; Whitbarrow, Westmoreland. Arthur’s Seat, Edm-
burgh ; Black Isle and Island of Lismorej Appin, Argyleshire. Morning-
ton, CO . Meatlij Killarney, co, Kerry.
Form m ela lom a Aeh. Lioh. Univ. (1810) p. 414.—Thallus with
th e squamule.s rounded and subcntire, hero and th ere blackish a t th e
margins.—Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. p. 44.— B rit. Exs. : Mudd, n. 91.
Differs in the squamules being less crenate and more or less blackish a,t
the margins. I t is often, however, confluent w ith the type, from which it
is scarcely to be distinguished unless as a state.
Hab. On calcareous rooks in upland situations.—Disir. Apparently
only in W. and Central England.—B. M. Near Buxton, Derbyshire ;
Durdham Downs, near Bristol, Gloucestershire.
3. L. le n tig e r a Aoh. Lioh. Univ. (1810) p. 423.—Thallus orbicular,
crustaceo-foliaoeous, moderate, loosely appressed, areolato-
squamose in th e centre, radiato-lobed a t th e circumferenoe, whitish
or pale-whitish, subpruinose ; lobes plane or somewhat concave, uu-
dulato-crenate (K —). Apothecia adnate, pale-testaoeous, the th a lline
margin thin, e n tir e ; spores ellipsoid or oblong, 0 ,0 0 9 -1 2 mm.
long, 0,0 4 5 -0 ,0 0 5 mm. thick.— Cromb. Grevillea, xii. p. 61.—S quamaria
lentigera Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 195 ; Mudd, Man. p. 128, t. ii.
f. 4 0 ; Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 44 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 172, ed. 3,
p. 159. Placodium lentigerumGraj, Nat. Arr. i. p. 447. Lichen leiiti-
gerus Weber, Spicil. (1778) p. 1 9 2 ; Dicks. Crypt, faso. i. p. 11 ; Eng.
Bot. t. 8 7 1 ; With. Arr. iv. p. 27.
Closely allied to L. c r a s s a , into which, as observed by Nylander (Lich.
Scand. p. 131), it seems to pass in the South of France. I t is, however,
distinguished by the thallus being smaller (at least twice as small), thinner,
and differently coloured; while it is also effigurato-radiatmg at the
circumference. The apothecia are numerous, suhmoderate, at length sub-
biatorine, with the thalline margin excluded.
Hab. On cretaceous soil in maritime and upland tracts.—Distr. Found
only sparingly in S. and E. Central England; now almost extinct.—B. M .;
Isle of Wight, Hampshire ; Newhaven, Sussex; Gogmagog Hills and Newmarket
Heath, Cambridgeshire.
4. L. chry so leu c a Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 411.—Ih a llu s
lobato-squamose, peltato-afflxed, ochroleuoous or whitish -straw -
coloured ; beneath sordid-pale, broadly blackish towards th e oircum-
fereuce ; squamules firm, imbricate, lobed, plane, crenate or orenato-
inoised a t th e oircumfereuoe (K - ) . Apotheoia moderate, generally
crowded, concave or plane, reddish-flesh-coloured, th e thalline m argin
th in , flexuose ; spores ellipsoid, 0 ,0 0 9 -1 2 ram. long, 0 ,0 0 4 5 -6 5 mm.
th ic k .—Cromh. Grevillea, xviii. p. 44.— Squamaria chrysoleuca
Leight. Lioh. F l. ed. 3, p. 158. Lichen chrysoleucns Sra. Trans.
Linn. Soc. i. (1791) p. 82, t. 4. f. 5.
A well-marked species whicli is ratlier variable in diffsrent regions.
Though recorded by Leighton, I. c. fide Dr. Stirton, it is a very doubtful
British plant, and is not at all liliely to have occurred in the locality specified,
since it is certainly absent on the higher mts. of the viciuity.
Hab. On granitic and schistose rocks iu alpine places.—Distr. Reported
as gathered on Ben Brecht, Argyleshire.
5. L. cartilagínea Aoh. Lioh. Univ. (1810) p. 415.— Thallus
expanded, cartilaginous, irabrroato-laciiiiate, somewhat shining, pale
ochroleuoous or greonish-straw-ooloured ; laoiniæ narrow, linear or
sublinear, whitish beneath, slightly dilated, dichotomously divided
or inciso-lobed or crenate at th e apices (K — ). Apotheoia large,
somewhat plane, fleshy- or tawny-tostaoeous, the thalline margin
entire or oren u la te ; spores oblong or oblongo-ellipsoid, 0 ,0 1 1 -1 6
mm. long, 0,005—6 mm. thiok.—Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. p. 44.—
Squamaria cartilaç/inea Borr. Eng. Bot. Suppl. t. 2802 ; Mudd, Man.
p. 128 ; Cromb. Enum. p. 44 ; Leight. Lioh. Fl. p. 172, ed. 3, p. 158.
Lichen cartilagineus Aoh. Vet. Ak. Handl. (1795) p. 133, t. v. f. 4.
Intermediate between the preceding and the following species, to the
one or other of which it approaches in different regions, but diffus from
both in the characters of the laciniæ. In our British specimens the thallus
is pulvinate, as it usually is elsewhere. The apothecia are uumerous, becoming
at length irregularly lohed and angulose.
Hab. On a single rock in a maritime locality.—Distr. With certainty
only in N. Wales, though reported also from Yorksliire Leighton).—
B. M. : Near the outlet of Llyii Bodlyn, above Barmouth, Merionethshire.
6. L. saxicola Ach. Lich. Hniv. (1 8 1 0 ) p. 431.—Thallus orbicular,
moderate or somewhat large, appressed, areolato-orustaoeous
in the centre, radiate a t the circumference, greenish- or pale-oohro-
leucous ; radii oontigiious, plane or subplicate, crenate a t th e apices.
Apotheoia small or moderate, plane or somowliat convex, pale- or
brownish-testaceous, th e thallino margin th in , entire or c renulate;
spores ellipsoid, 0 ,0 1 0 -1 6 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 6 -7 mm. thick.—Cromb.
Grevillea, xii. p. 61 ; Tayl. in Mack. El. Hib. ii. p. 140.—Nÿita-
maria saxicola Sm. Eng. Bot. v. p. 197 ; Mndd. Man. p. 129 : Cromb.
Lich. Brit. p. 44 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 173, ed. 3, p. 158. Placodium
saxicolum Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 447. Lichen saxicola Poll. PL Pal.
(1777) p. 225 ; Eng. Bot. t. 1695. Lichen muralis Dicks. Crypt.
fasc. i. p. 11 ; With. Arr. iv. p. 29 B rit. Exs.-. Leight. n. 1 4 5 ;
Mudd, n. 92 ; Larb. Lioh. Hb. n. 213 ; Bohl. n. 55.
A rather variable plant which may he recognized from its B ritish allies
by the_ tliallus being thinner, radiate, appressed, and areolate in tlie centre.
Sometimes it is less appressed when it is rather thicker (approaching L.
cartilaginea), and occasionally it is effuse and somewhat scattered. Tho
apothecia are numerous and crowded, becoming flexuose and diftbrm
from mutual pressure, wdtli the margin at times flexuoso-crisp. Other
and^ more marked differences in the thallus and apothecia give rise to the
varieties and subspecies that follow.