B rit. E.rs.: Afudd, n. 7 2 ; Leight. nos. 203, 3 5 0 ; Larb. Lioh. Hb.
I I . 327 ; Bohl. n. 80.
lleadily distinguished from P. oUvacea, of which it is generally regarded
as a varietv, by the papillato-exasperate thallus and the vermcoso-papillose
margin of the apothecia. AVith us the apothecia are comparatively rare,
though plentiful when present. The spermogones are very abundant on
the papillæ, when these are not abraded, with spermatia 0,008-11 nun.
long, scarcely 0,001 inm. thick.
Ilah. On the trunks of old trees in maritime and upland districts.—
Disfr. General and usually common in the \A’. tracts of G reat Britain and
Ireland.—B. Al. : Bury, Suftblk ; New Forest, Ilauts ; AATtliiel, Cornwall ;
Pembridge, Ilerefordsliire ; Cricklade, AATltshire ; Orowle, AA’orcester-
shire ; uear Dolgelly, Alerionethshire ; Island of Anglesea ; Ayton, Cleveland,
A’orkshire ; Eglestone, Durham, near Stavely, Westmoreland. New
Galloway, Kirlicudbrightshire; Largs, Ayrshire; I ’entlaud Hills, near
Edinburgh ; Appin, Argyleshire ; Glen Lochay, Perthshire ; Castleton of
Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; S. of F ort VA’illiam, luverness-shire ; Kilravock,
Nairnshire ; Applecross, Hoss-shire. Glencar and Alangerton, co. Kerry ;
KiUerey Bay, Connemara, co. Galway.
23. P. su b a u rife ra Nyl. Flora, 1873, p. 2 2 .—Thallus orbicular,
th in ly membranaceous, closely appressed, glabrous or thinly fur-
furaoeous in th e centre, laciniato-lobed, olive-brown or umbrine,
yellow-sorediate, medulla yellow ; beneatb b lackish, shortly fibrillose ;
lobes plane, crenate Apothecia small,
dark chestnut-coloured, the margin subentire, often yellow-sorediate ;
spores 0 ,0 1 1 -1 3 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 7 -8 mm. thiok.—Cromb. Journ. Linn.
Soo. Bot. xvii. p. 572 ; Grevillea, x. p. 25.— Lichen olivaceus, var. 3,
AA’itb . Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 35. Lichenoides olivaceum, scutdlis læuibus
Dill. AIusc. 182, t. 23. f. 77 c.— B rit. Exs. : Larb. Lioh. Hb. n. 210.
From the allied species this differs at once in tbe yellow medulla and
the small yellow soredia with which the thallus is everyw here efllorescent.
Our British specimens are, with one or two exceptions, less well developed
than those from Scandinavia—the thallus being smaller, the medulla less
distinctly yellow, and having only iu one instance a few young apothecia.
The spermogones, which also seem to be very rare with us, have the spermatia
0,005 mm. long, scarcely 0,001 mm. thick.
Hah. On the trunks of trees and branches of shrubs, chiefly oak and
firs, in maritime and upland districts.—Distr. Local and scarce in England,
N. AVales, the Highlands, Scotland, aud N.AV. Ireland; no douht
often overlooked.—B.AI.; Epping Forest, Essex ; near Tooting, Surrey;
Lydd, Kent ; Henfield, Sussex ; near Penzance, Cornwall (frt.) ; AVhiiu-
pole Park, Canihridgeshire ; Grimsbury Green, Northampton ; Gopsall
Park, Leicester.shire ; Kempsey, AVorcestershire ; Aberdovey, Alerionethshire;
Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; AVindermere, Westmoreland. Gleu
Lochay, Perthshire; Wills Braes, Forfarshire; Durris, Kincardineshire;
Applecross, lloss-shire. Kylemore, co. Galway.
24. P. p ro lix a Nyl. in Cromb. Liob. Brit. (1870) p. 35.— Thallus
suborbicular, appressed, somewhat shining, laciniate, dark-olive or
blackish-umbriiie ; beneath blackisb or black, moderately fibrillose;
laoiniæ narrow, subimhricate, much and variously divided, somewhat
convex, orenato-inoised and b u t slightly dilated a t tho apices (K Z ,
CaCl“ ). Apotheoia small or moderate, scattered, subconeolorous,
th e margin entire or subentiro ; spores 0 ,0 0 9 -1 2 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 5 -
0 mm. thick.—Cromb. Grevillea, x. p. 25.— Parmelia olivácea vars.
p ro lixa et dendritica (Pers.) Loight. Lich. Fl. p. 112, ed 3, p. 115.
Parmelia olivácea y. gjrolixa Acb. Aleth. (1 8 0 3 ) p. 214.—B rit. Exs. :
Leigbt. n. 365.
Generally regarded as a variety of P. olivácea, but separated by the
form of the laciniæ and hy the smaller spores. The thallus is usually
smooth, but sometimes rimulose, as is also the margin of the apothecia.
The apothecia are rare in Britain, hut the spermogones are not unfrequent.
They are at length somewhat prominent, with spermatia scarcely 0,007
mm", long, and about 0,001 mra. thick.
Hah. On rocks in maritime and upland districts.—Distr. Local and
scarce in AV. England and AVales; here and there iu Scotland and in
N.W. Ireland. B. AI. ; Alalvern Hills, Worcestershire ; Caer Caradoc,
Shropshire ; Llandegley Rocks, Radnorshire ; AIosl-y-Golfa, Alontgoinery-
shire; Douglas Head, Isle of Alan. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire;
Island of Lismore, Argyleshire ; Portlethen, Kincardineshire; Craig
Guie, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. Connemara, co. Galway.
Subsp. 1. P. so re d ia ta Cromb. Jo u rn . Bot. 1882, p. 273.—Thallus
smaller, aduate, sprinkled towards th e centre with whitish or
brownish-white, verruooso-promineut soredia; laoiuiæ somewhat
plane (K “ , C aCH ). Apothecia small; spores 0 ,0 1 0 -1 2 mm. long,
0 ,0 0 5 -6 mm. thiok.—Parmelia stycjia b. sorediata Aeh. Lioh. Univ.
(18 1 0 ) p. 471.
Distinguished hy the pulvinate soredia with which the thallus is more
or less sprinkled towards the centre or occasionally almost throughout.
I t is of small size (scarcely more than 1 in.'), frequently opaque, with the
laciniæ contiguous. ’The apothecia, which are small aud scattered, are
very rare iu Britain as in other countries.
Hab. On rocks in upland mountainous districts.—Distr. A’ery local and
rare in AV. Englaud and among the Central and N. Grampians, Scotland.
B. AI. ; North Hill, Alalvern, Worcestershire. Oraig Tulloch, Blair
Athole, Perthshire ; Craig Guie, Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
Subsp. 2. P. Delisei Nyl. Flora, 1873, p. 67.—Thallus larger, pale-
olive, th e laoiniæ broader a t tb e circumference (K(CaCl)“ j reddish)-
Apothecia and spores as iu P. gorolixa.—Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1 873,
p. 133 ; Grevillea, x. p. 25.—Parmelia Delisei Leight. Licb. Fl. cd. 3,
p. 129. Parmelia olivácea var. Delisei Dub. Bot. Gall. (1829)
p. 602. Parmelia olivácea var. aquiloides Linds., Aludd, Alan. p. 99.
Lichen olivaceus pro pa rte and Parmelia olivácea gro pa rte of the
older and some more recent British authors.—B rit. Exs. : Leigbt.
n. 291 pro p a rte ; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 328 ; Bobl. n. 109 pro p arte.
The characters of the thallus and the chemical reaction make this a
distinct subspecies. In old plants the apothecia become large, crowded,
and somewhat flexuose.