Britisli autliors. From botli, it may at once be distinguished by the qier-
forate apotliecia, and, when iiilertile, by the minutely reticulate rimulose
thalUis. The apothecia are extremely rare iu our islands, nor are the
spermogones present on our specimens.
Hah. Ou mossy rocks and the trunks of old trees in maritime districts.
—Dktr. Bather local, though plentiful, iu S. and AV. Fngland, N. AA’ales,
tlie AV. Higlilands of Scotland, the Channel Islands, aud AA’. Irelaud,
where it has once been gathered sparingly fertile.—B. M. : Near Fort
Essex, Island of Alderney; Island of Guernse}'. St. I,eonard's Forest,
Sussex ; Lyme liegis, Dorsetshire ; Carisbrook and near Hyde, Isle of
A\ ight ; South Breiit, Devonshire ; Penzance and AVithiel, Oornwall ;
Dolgelly, Namiau, and Tiin-y-Croes, Merionethshire ; Island of Anglesea.
Barcaldine, Argyleshire. Dunkerron, co. Kerry (fruit) ; near Kylemore,
Connemara, co. Galway.
5. P. lævigata Ach. Syn. (1814) p. 212.—Thallus suborbicular,
membranaceous, laciniato-lobed, glauoous-whito or whitish ; beneath
blackish and black-fibrilloso-rhiziiiose ; laciniæ divaricately
sinuato-multifid or siinrato-iiioiscd, often subimbricato and wbitisli
tuberculato-sorediute a t tbe apices, .smooth or smoothish (K+y®6ow^
CaCl_, medulla K (CaCl) f-fro d ). Apothecia moderate or largo,
badio-reddish, tho margin entire or ohsoletely crenulate or sorediate
; sjiorcs 6- 8iuc, 0 ,0 1 2 -1 3 mm. loug, 0 ,0 0 7 -8 mm. th ick .—
Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 442 ; Hook. F l. Scot. ii. ]i. 55 ; Sm, Eng. Fl. v.
p. 200 ; T a jl. in Alack, Fl. Hib. ii. p. 148 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 33 ;
Leight. Lieh. F l. p. 139, ed. 3, p. 128.— Parmelia sinuosa fl. loevi-
¡jata, Aludd, Alan. p. 92. Liehen lævigatus, Sm. in Eng. Bot. xxvi.
(1808) t. 1852.—Brit. E.vs.: Aludd, n. 6 9 ; Larb. Cæsar. n. 64,
Lich. Hb. n. 124 ; Cromb. n. 141.
The thallus is loosely attached to the substratum, often much expanded
and generally divided into narrow approximate laciniæ. The
soredia occur at tlie apices, but are occasionally scattered over the surface
of the laciniæ. From the allied species it is well separated by the thalline
reactions. The apothecia are very rare, occurring chiefly in the
smaller corticole states, but the spermogones are not uncommon. They
are minute, dark-brown or blackisb, irregularly scattered, with spermatia
about 0,005-7 mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick.
Hah. Ou rocks, boulders, and trunks of trees, chiefly in maritime and
inountainous districts.—Histr. Somewhat local, though usually plentiful
in S. and \A'. England, N. AVales, AV. Highlands, Scotland, AV. Ireland,
and in the Channel Islands.—B.AL; Islands of .leisey and Guernsey.
New Forest and Bournemouth, Hampshire ; Lustleigh Cleeve, Dartmoor,
Lynton, and Bolt Head, Devonshire; near Penzance and AA'ithiel, Cornwall
; near Dolgelly, Aberdovey, and Barmouth, Alerionethshire; Llanberis
and Beddgelert, Carnarvonshire; Beaumaris, Island of Anglesea;
Ashy, Cumherland. Inverary and Barcaldine. Argyleshire ; Ben Nevis,
luveiness-shire ; Glen Ach-na-Sliilloch, Ross-shiie. 'Killarney, co. Kerry ;
Goiigaumbara, co. Cork ; Connemara, co. Galway.
0. P. xanthomyela Nyl. Flora, 1874, p. 306.—Thallus externally
similar to th a t of P. lavigata (K -)-yellow), medulla sulphureous
(K-byellowish). Apotheoia moderate or large, badio-reddish, th e
reooptaclo reticulato-verrucose, the margin incurved, verruoose :
spores 6- 8næ, 0 ,0 1 6 -1 9 mm. long, 0,0 0 8 -1 1 mm. thick.—Cromb.
Journ. Bot. 1876, p. 360.— Parmelia endoehhra, Leight. Liob, Fl.
(1871) p. 140, ed. 3, p. 133. Parmelia McMillatia, Stirt. Grevillea,
iii. p. 79.—Indicated by Nylander (Flora, 1869, p. 290) as a v ariety
of P. comjmrata, to wliich it is closely related. I have therefore
retained his specific name in preference to th a t of Leighton, whose
diagnosis of the p lan t is misleading.
Distinguished from the preceding by the colour of the medulla. The
thallus is smooth aud unequal, thin or moderate, often whitish-sorediate
at the apices of the lobes, the soredia becoming dark-greyish in age. The
reaction of the medulla with K, which is pale yellowish (not “ yellowish-
brown,” Leight.), is especially seeu under the microscope. I t is very rarely
fertile in this country, the apothecia becoming very large, with the thalline
margin obliterated.
Hah. On rocks and boulders in shady wooded upland districts.—Distr.
Local and scarce in N. AVales, the S. W. Highlands, Scotland, and AV.
Ireland.—B. AI. ; Naunau, Dolgelly, Alerionethshire; Glen Croe and
Barcaldine, Argyleshire. Askew AVood, Dunkerron, co. Kerry (frt.) ;
near Kylemore, co. Galway.
7. P. revoluta Nyl. Bull. Soc. Linu. Normand, sér. 2, iii. (1868)
p. 264.—Thallus orbicular, moderate, smoothish, narrowly sinuato-
lobed, glaucous-white or whitish ; beneath blaokish-flbrillose, at
length nearly glabrous, the lobes cuoullato-revolute and usually
tuberoulato-sorcdiate a t th e apices (X+ytilowish^ *“"*»^q-recldÍ8h)'
Apothecia n early moderate, badio-reddish, the margin cntiro or
ohsoletely crenate ; spores 6- 8iiæ, 0,0 1 1 -1 9 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 7 -1 2
mm. th ick .—Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 75.— Parmelia tiliacea var.
revoluta, Leigbt. Lioh. Fl. p. 132, ed. 3, p. 129. Imhricaria revo-
teto, Florke, D. Lich. (1 8 1 5 )p. 15.—To this also are referablePru-meMu.
lævigata var. subsinuosn, Leight. Lich. Fl. cd. 3, p. 129, and P. tili-
arsa var. subioevignta Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 132, ed. 3, p. 122.—P. suh-
loevigata Nyl. is an exotic species, which does not occur in Europe.
—B rit. Exs. : Leigbt. n. 202 (s. n. F. Forsteri Borr.), n. 357 ; Aludd,
n. 68 ; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 293.
Distinguished from P. lævigata by the cucullato-revolute apices of tlie
narroAver and more approximate lobes, by the chemical reaction of the
medulla with CaCl alone, and hy the larger spores. ^ These characters
Avarrant us in regarding it as a species, and not as a variety of P. lævigata.
The tuberculose soredia, Avith Avhicli the apices of the lobes are frequently
covered, are Avhitish, becoming in age dark-greyish. In this country it is
but very seldom seen in fruit. The spermogones are as in the former
.species.
Hah. On rocks and trees among mosses in maritime and mountainous
districts.—Histr. General, but not common in S., AA’., and N. England ;
rarer in S. Scotland and the AV. Highlands, as also in AV. Ireland ; rare
in the Channel Islands.—B. AI. : La Coupe, Island of Jersey. St. Leonards
Forest, Sussex ; Isle of AVight ; near Lyndhurst and Bournemouth,
Hampshire ; llsham, Torquay, Ullaoomhe, near Bovey Tracey, and Lynton,
Devonshire; AA’ithiel and Penzance, Cornwall; Aberdovey, Barf
i
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