sometimes slighdy convex, brownish-blaok, the margin black, entire ;
spores dark-brown, 0,0 1 8 -2 0 mm. long, 0 ,0 1 1 -1 5 mm. thick.—
Cromb. Lich. lirit. p. 3 7 ; Leight. Lich. FT. p. 144, cd. 3, p. 133.
— Borrera intricata Mudd, Man. p. 104. Lichen intricatus Dcsf.
FL Atl. ii. (1800) p. 420, t. 258. f. 3. Borrera Atlaniica Gray,
Nat. Arr. i. p. 435 ; Sm. Eng. El. v. p. 223. Lichen Atlanticus Sm.
in Eng. liot. t. 1715. Lichenoides suhhirsutum teres, scutellis p arvis
nigris Dill. Muse. 157, t. 21. f. 51.— B rit. Eæs. : Mudd, n. 7 0 ;
Croiub. n. 49.
lermg Irom it at ouce m the colour of the apothecia
sometimes spreads extensively, and tlie laciniæ vary somewhat in length.
As observed by Nylander (S”yii. i. p. 409), tlie whitish villosity of the
tlialhis, wliich occasionally becomes more or less evanescent, consists of
hollow filaments scarcely articulate. Tlie ajipthecia are extremely rare
in this country, but the spermogones, wliicb iiavo the spermatia 0,003-4
mm. long, scarcely 0,001 iiiiii. thick, are more frequent.
Ilah. On rocks and trunks of old trees in maritime districts.—Distr.
Only in S. England, in one or two places on tlie coast of Sussex.—B. M, ;
BracJdesham iu Selsey Island, near Chichester, and clitfa near Hastings
(fruit), Sussex.
7. P. ciliaris DC. Fl. Er. ii. (1805) p. 396.—Thallus diffuse, sub-
asoeiiding or decumbent, loosely adherent, linoari-laciiiiate, greenish-
grey or greyish-brown ; beneath pale, canaliculate ; laciniæ multifid,
imbricato-intrioate, the margins, especially towards th e apices,
oiliate, w ith long fibrils (K/ , C aC l/) . Apothecia pedicellate, large,
coesio-pruiiiose or naked, brownish-black, th e margin entire, crenate
or e ilia te ; spores oblong, 0 ,0 3 0 -5 0 mm. long, 0 ,0 1 8 -2 4 mm.
thick.—Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 38 ; Leight. Lich. El. p. 145, ed. 3,
p. 133.—Borrera ciliaris Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 434 ; Hook. El. Soot,
ii. p. 5 6 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. V. p. 2 2 6 ; Mudd, Man. p. 105. Lichen
ciliaris Linu. Sp. PI. (1753) p. 1 1 4 4 ; Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 4 4 8 ;
Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 828 ; AVith. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 55 ; Eng. Bot.
t. 1352. Lichenoides hisp>iduni majus et rigidius, scutellis nigris
Dill. Muse. 150, t. 20. f. 45. Lichenoides arboreum foliosum cinereum,
scutellis nigris, foliorum extremitatibus hispidis et pilosis Dill,
in Ray Syu. cd. 3, p. 73, n. 67.—B rit. Exs. : Mudd, n. 77 ; Loight.
I I. 364 ; Cromb. n. 50 ; Larb. Cæsar. n. 68 ; Lich. Hb. n. 125 ;
Bohl. 11. 38.
A rather variable plant as to thaUus and apothecia. The thallus may
have the laciniæ longer or shorter, broader or narrower, often more or
less wliite-pulverulent, with pale or sordid fle.xuose cilia. In colour it
varies from greyish to greyish-brown or cervine according to nature of
habitat, but when moist it is constantly greenish. States occasionally
occur ill S. England wijh the laciniæ approaching to var. crinalis (Sclil.,
Schær.), but not sufficiently typical. Tlie apothecia, when present, are
plentiful, becoming at lengtli naked and darker, with the receptacular
margin very variable, being frequently with us in the same specimen
entire, iiriiexed, denticulate, or proliferous. In this last condition it is
digitately fimbriate with laciniolæ, whence var. actinota (Ach. Meth.
p. 250). The spermogones, which are usually very numerous, are large,
prominent, scattered or aggregate, from pale-brown becoming blackish,
with spermatia cylindrical, 0,004-5 mm. long, 0,001 rum. thick. In otherwise
sterile specimens tliey are sometimes much elevated, rendering the
thallus verrucoso-papillato, whence var. verrucosa (Ach. Licli. Univ.
p. 497).
Hah. On the trunks of old trees, chiefly oaks and elms, in cultivated
lowland, rarely upland districts.—Distr. General, and plentiful where it
occurs, iu England, much scarcer in the Chanuel Islands and E. Scotland;
apparently very local and rare in N. AVales and E. Ireland.—
B. M. : Islands of Jersey, Sark, and Guernsey. Norwich, Norfolk ;
Gloucestershire; uear Farriiigdon and AVindsor, Berkshire ; near Swindon,
AA’iltshire ; Madingley, Cambridgeshire ; Twycross, Leicestershire ;
Overthrope, Northamptonshire; Harboro’ Alagna, AVarwickshire ; Aloor
Park, Herefordshire ; Malvern and Broadwas, AA’orcestershire ; Clungiui-
ford, Shropshire ; Hopton, Cheshire ; Island of Anglesea ; near Aytou,
Cleveland, and Dalhy, Yorkshire ; Aliddleton, Teesdale, Durham ; Kendal,
AA’estmoreland ; near Hexham, Northumherland. Rossyhi AVoods, Alid-
lothian ; Finlarig, Killin, Perthshire; Foulis, Baldovan, Auldbar, and
Alelgund Castle, Forfarsliire ; Alidmar Castle, Aberdeenshire. Oakpark,
near Carlow, co. Carlow.
A’ar. p. saxícola Nyl. Alem. Soo. Cherb. v. (1867) p. 106, Syn. i.
p. 4 14.—Thallus smaller, more apprcssed, greenish- or dark-oervine ;
laciniæ narrow, with sordid or brownish-black marginal cilia.
Apotheoia naked.—Carroll, Jo u rn . Bot. 1886, p. 2 2 ; Cromb. Lioh.
B lit. p. 38 ; Leiglit. Liob. F l. p. 146, ed. 3. p. 134.— Borrera ciliaris
var. p . saxicola Aludd, Alan. p. 105.
Tlie darker colour of the" more appressed tballus and the narrower
laciniæ distinguish this variety, which sometimes occurs where the type
is unknown. In this country it is only sterile, in which condition it is
Parmelia ciliaris var. y. melanosticta Ach. Aleth. p. 255.
Hah. On rocks and walls (rarely on bare sandy soil) in maritime and
niOLintaiiioiis regions.—Distr. Local aud scarce in the Channel Islands,
S., AV., and N. England, the N. Grampians, Scotland, aud in S.AV. Ire land.—
B.AI.: Quenvais, Island of Jersey. AVithiel, Cornwall ; Buxton,
Derbyshire; near Little Alalvern, AA’orcestershire; Holyhead, Island of
Anglesea; near Langbraugh, Cleveland, Yorkshire. Craig Tulloch,
Blair Athole, Perthshire; Alorroue, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. Sybil
Head, co. Kerry.
8. P. leucomela Alich. Fl. Bor.-Amer. (1803) p. 350.—Thallus
diffuse, subeæspitose, lineari-laciniate, whitish or glaucous-white ;
beueath white, subgranulose, subcanaliculate or plane ; laoiniæ
narrow, lax, subascending, fibrilloso-ciliate a t the margins (K]|]yellow,
CaCl]J]yellow). Apothecia late ra l, pedicellate, moderate, plane, cæsio-
pruinoso, tbe margin rad ia tin g ; sporos often subquadrilocular.