Lioh. Br. p. 59 ; Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 490 ; Sm. Eng. El. v. p. 169.
Lichen glohuliferus Eng. Bot. t. 2008. Lichenoides candidum et
farinaceum, scutellis fere planis J)i\\. Muso. 131, t. 18. f. 11 B.—■
B r it. E.vs. : Mudd, n. 263 pro parte.
The thallus, which usually spreads extensively, is somewhat depressed
at the circumference, where it presents zones of various shades, chiefly
brown and carneous. The fertile verrucæ, of whioh the form and
ultimate development are aptly described by Turner and Borrer, I. c., are
not of common occurrence and are usually but few on the same plant.
More frequently the verrucæ are sterile, plane, with a thickish margin and
densely white-sorediate having a lecanoroid appearance. In this abortive
condition of the apothecia, wliich at times occurs ou the same plant as
their normal state, it is form discoidea Cromb. Grevillea, xix. p. 59;
Lu-lien discoideus Eng. Bot. t. 1714 ; Variolaria discoidea Turn. & Borr.
Lioh. Br. p. 61, Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 168, Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Ilib. ii. p. 112,
Dill. f. c. f. 11 C. ^ ’
Hah. On truuks of old trees in wooded maritime and upland districts.
■—Bistr. General aud common where it occurs in Great Britain ; apparently
rare in Ireland. B. M. : Yarmouth, Norfolk ; Eppiug Eorest,
Essex; Penshurst, K en t; Shiere, Surrey; St. Leonard’s Forest and
Danny, Sussex; New Eorest, Han ts; Chudleigh and Beckey Falls,
S. Devon; Boconnoc and uear Withiel, Cornwall; Saveruake Forest,
W ilts; Cirencester, Gloucestershire ; Madingley, Cambridgeshire; Charnwood
Forest, Leicestershire ; Malvern, W'orcestershire ; Lambeth, S.
Whiles; Barmouth, Merionethshire; Island of Anglesea; Craig-y-Ehiw
and Hauglimond Hill, Shropshire ; near Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire ;
Teesdale, Durham. Helensburgh, Dumbartonshire ; Inverary and by
Loch Creran, Argyleshire; Craigforth, Stirling; Glen Lochay, Killin,
and Blaeberry Hill, near Perth, Perthshire ; Murtle, near Aberdeen ; by
Loch Linnhe, Inverness-shire. Castlemartyr and Macroom demesne,
CO. Cork ; Ashley Park, near Galway.
8. P. o p h th a lm iz a Nyl. Flora, 1865, p. 3 5 4 .—Thallus effu.se,
th in , smoothish, or slightly rugoso-unequal, greyish (K —, CaCl — ) ;
fertile verrucæ small, more or less crowded. Apothecia 1, ra re ly
2 - 3 in each verruca, lecanoroid, blackish, crowned with a rugose or
suhleprose thalloid m a rg in ; spores 0 ,1 6 0 -2 0 5 mm. loug, 0 ,0 8 0 -
100 mm. th ic k .-C a r ro ll, Jo u rn . Bot. 1866, p. 2 3 ; Leight. Lich.
F l. p. 242, ed. 3, p. 233.—P. glohidifera subsp. ophthalmiza Cmmh.
Lich. Brit. p. 59 ; var. ophthalmiza Njd. Lieh. Scand. (1861) p. 180.
Well distinguished from the preceding, to which it has a superficial
resemblance, by the form of the fructification. I t spreads extensivelv,
though interruptedly, over the substratum with no visible circumferentiai
line. The fertile verrucæ are usually numerous, at times almost obliterating
the rest of the thallus.
Hab. On the trunks of aged pines in an upland district.—Dfsfr. Only
sparingly in the S.AV. Highlands of Scotland.—B. M. : Glen Falloch,
and Black Wood, Rannoch, Perthshire.
9. P. am a r a Nyl. Flora, 1873, p. 22.—Thallus determinate,
rugoso-nmose, unequal, subpulverulent, greyish-white, brown and
zonate a t th e circumference (K —, C a C l- ) . Apothecia whitepulverulent
in convex, th in ly margined, a t length immarginate
verrucæ (K + j-ellow, K(CaCl) q-violet) ; spores 0 ,1 9 0 -2 3 6 mm.
long, 0 ,0 5 0 -0 /0 mm. thick.—Cromb. Grevillea, xix. p. 59.— Vario-
la n a amara Acb. Lich. Cniv. (1810) p. 3 2 4 ; Hook. F l Soot ii
F 46 ; Gray N J . Arr. i. p. 491. Lichen fagineus Linn. Huds. Fl.
Angl. p. 443 ? ; Lightf. F l. Soot. ii. p. 807 ? ; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 4
1713- Variolaria fag in ea Turn. & Borr.
Lich. Br. p 6 4 ; Sm. Eng. El. v. p. 169 (non Tayl. in Mack. F l.
Ilib . 11. p. 112). Pertusaria fa g in ea Leight Lich. Fl. p. 242, ed. 3,
^ ^ Ifffo id e s candidum et fa rinaceum, seuteilis fere'p la n is
Dill. Muso. 131, t. xvm. f. 1 1 C.— As Lichen fagineus of th e older
authors is for the g re ater p a rt a “ nomeu vagum,” the determinate
Mid very expressive trivial name of Acharius is here adopted.—
B n t . E xs. : Mudd, n. 263 pro parte.
As noticed by Achaiius (I. c.) the taste of the whole lichen is very
bitter, almost as m Cmchoria. I t has at times been coufounded with the
discoid state of P. globuhfera, but the taste, the chemical reactious, and
the smaller verrucæ keep it distinct. The soredia are very mimeious,
confluent, freq u e jly almost obliterating the thallus except towards th?
eiicumference Iu Britain, as elsewhere, the apotliecia are very rare in a
well-developed condition. J ^
_ Hab. On trunks of old trees, chiefly beech aud elms, occasionally ash
in maritime and uplaud wooded tracts.—Bistr. General and not uncommon
m Britain apparently rare iu S.W. Ireland; not seen from the
Z T pa Î: t Glenham, Suffolk ; Ilainault Forest and
j a r Gosfleld Essex ; St Leonards Forest, Sussex; New Forest, Hants;
Ljdford, S Devmi; AVithiel aud near Penzance, Cornwall; Minsty,
Wiltsliire; Cwm Bychan, Merionetlishire; Island of Anglesea; Teesdale,
D u r jm ; AAmderinere, Westmoreland; Asby, Cumberland; Meldoi!
la rk , INqrthurnbeiiand. JNear Glasgow, Lanarkshire; Craigforth, Stir-
h n g ; Airds, Appm Argyleshire; Finlarig, Killiu, Perthshire ; Crai»
M u ij, Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Applecross, Ross-shire. Duukerron!
10 P. v e la te Nyl. Lioh. Soand. (1861) p. 1 7 9 ._ T h a llu s determinate,
smoothish or rugoso-unequal, rimulose, obsoletely radiato-
rugose or plicate towards the oiroiimference, whitish or milk-white
(K —, CaCl + red). Apothecia submoderate, plane, lecanoroid pale
or white-suffuscd, th in ly veiled, in smaU, depressed, concolorous
verruoæ; spores very large, 0 ,2 1 4 -3 1 0 mm. long, 0,067-090 mm.
thick, or occasionally somowhat smaller.—Mudd, Man p 9 74 !
Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 59 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 241, et e d .'s , p.“232
pro gaxtc.— Variolaria velata Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 4 9 0 ; Sm. En».
El. v. p. 170.— Parmelia velata Turn. Trans. Linn. Soo. ix. (1808)
p. 143, t. 12. f. 1 . Lichen velatus Eng. Bot. t. 2062.
Might r e a j ly be taken for a state of Lecanora parella, but is at once
Jstiiigmshed by the veiled apothecia and the thalline reaction w ith CaCl
Irom lertusaria multipuncta, which it more distantly resembles it
similarly differs m the reaction, as also in the form of the' apothecia Lnd
In d ciwder^'*^^' "ro oceasioHally very uumerous
2 k