p. 42. Parmelia jjhysodes var. lahrosa Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 30
pro parte ; l.ciglit. Lich. Fl. p. 126, ed. 3, p. 1.17. Lichen physodes
Eng. Bot. t. 126 (lower fig.).—B rit. Eæs. : Mudd, n. 70 pro pa rte ;
Leight. n. 48 pro parte.
A more distinct form than the preceding, with which it has sometimes
been confounded. I t is readily recognized by the thallus, and hy the
soredia being protuberant on the apices of the laciniæ. In this country,
as elsewliere, it seems to occur chiefiy in a sterile condition.
Jlah. On trees and stone walls in maritime and upland situations.—
Disf r. Not very general nor common in Great Britain ; not seen from Ireland.—
B. M. : Lustleigh Cleeve, Devon.shire ; near I ’euzauce and AVithiel,
Cornwall ; Alalvern Hills, AA’orcestershire ; Sweeny, Sliropshire ; near
Alonmouth; Rhewgreidden, Alerionethshire; Bettws-y-Coed, Denbighshire;
Beddgelert, Carnarvonshire ; Cleveland, Yorkshire ; near Kendal,
AA’estmoreland; Ashy, Cumberland (fruit). New Galloway, Kirkc.ud-
hrightshire ; Beu Ijawers, Killin (fruit), and Abernethy, Pertlisliire ;
Durris, Kincardineshire ; Park, near Aberdeen ; Rothiemurchus AA’ood.s,
Inverness-shire.
Var. ¡3. platyphylla xich. Aleth. (1803) p. 251.—Laciniæ ra th e r
broad, subooiicrete, rugoso-plicate, roundly lobed and inciso-crenate
a t the circumference. Apothecia very ra re .—Leight. Lioh. Fl.
p. 126, ed. 3, p. 117.— B r it. Exs. : Larb. Lich. Lib. n. 329.
Usually smaller, though thicker than in the type. In the centre it is
rugose plicate and scarcely laciniate, the laciniæ being more distinct and
depressed at the circumference. Occasionally it is more or less sorediate
a t the apices of tlie laciniæ. As observed by Acharius I. c., the whole
thallus has a monophyUous appearauce ; hut transition forms are not
wanting. I t is very rarely fertile, the spermogones, however, being not
imfrequent.
Hab. On old pales and stone walls in maritime and upland districts.
—Distr. Seen from several localities in Great Britain, Ireland, and
the Channel Islands.—B. AI. ; Boulay Bay, Island of Jersey. Lydd,
K en t; New Forest, Hampshire ; Brading, Isle of AA’ig h t; near Cirencester,
Gloucestershire ; Gopsall Park, Leicestershire ; Harboro’ Alagna,
AA’arwickshire; Aberdovey and near Barmouth, Alerionethshire. Killin,
Craig Tulloch, Ben Lawers (fruit), aud Aberfeldy, Perthshire ; Guthrie,
Forfarshire; near Nigg, Kincardineshire ; Park, near Aberdeen; Rothiemurchus,
Inverness-shire. Near Cork.
Form fusceseens Cromb. Grevillea, xv. (1887) p. 75.—Thallus
ra th e r smaller, opaque, esorediate, brownish; otherwise as above.—
Parmelia physodes var. ohscurata Cromb. Jo u rn . Bot. 1876, p. 360 ;
Leight. Lioh. Fl. ed. 3, p. 118.—According to Nylander, Flora, 1881,
p. 537, var. ohscurata Aoh. is P. austerodes Nyl., a subspecies of
P. vittata.
F,vidently referable as a form to var. platyphylla, with which, except
in being somewhat smaller, constantly esorediate, and especially in the
colour of the thallus (owing probably to being suffused with salt-water),
it in other respects agrees. In the few specimens gathered neither apothecia
nor spermogones are visible.
Hah. On old pales in maritime districts.—Distr. Local in S.E. England
.and N.E. Scotland.—B. AI. : Lydd, Kent. Near Cove, Kincardiueshire.
31. p . v i t t a t a Nyl. Flora, 1875, p. 106.—Thallus somewhat e x panded,
lineari-laciniate, loosely adnate, smooth, greyish-glauoous ;
beneath naked, black ; laoiniæ elongate, divaricately divided, somewhat
plane, dark-brown or blackish a t the m argins (K+J®^*°'',CaClZ)-
xApotheoia pedicellate, large, badio-reddish, th e margin thin, entire
or inflexed; sporos 0 ,0 0 4 -6 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 3 5 -4 5 mm. thick. —Cromb.
Grevillea, xv. p. 76.— Parmelia gihysodes ¡3. vittata Ach. Aleth.
(1803) p. 251 ; Aludd, Alan. p. 96 pro parte ; Cromb. Lioh. Brit,
p. 36 Jiro pa rte ; Leight. Lioh. F l. p. 126 pro parte, ed. 3, p. 117
pro parte.
Formerly regarded b}' authors as a variety of P. physodes, hut now
separated by Nylander ou account of the smaller spores and shorter spermatia.
The tliallus does not apparently become sorediiferous at the
apices of the laciniæ, and in our specimens is of a glaucous-brown colour.
Neither apothecia nor spermogones occur iu Britain. These latter organs
have the spermatia 0,0045 mm. long, 0,0006 mm. thick.
Hah. On the ground in alpine places.—Distr. Found only on one of
the higher N. Grampians, Scotland.—B. AI. ; Cairntoul, Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
32. P. e n c a u s ta Ach. Aleth. (1803) p. 202.—Thallus suborbicular,
appressed, corrugate, narrowly laciniate, unequal, greyish-white or
greyish-glaucous ; beneath black, naked ; laomiæ crowded, multifid,
complicate, convex or somewhat rounded, only slightly inflated a t
th e apices(K]|]yellow, CaCH)- Apotheoia adnate, m oderate or small,
badio-reddish, th e margin orenulate or subentire ; spores 0,0 0 7 -1 0
mm. loug, 0 ,0 0 5 -7 mm. thiok.—Gray, Nat. A rr. i. p. 441 ; Hook.
F l. Soot. ii. p. 5 4 ; Sm. Eng. El. v. p. 2 0 3 ; Aludd, Alan. p. 97 ;
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 3 6 .—Parmelia physodes var. encausta Leight.
Lich. El. p. 127, ed. 3, p. 117. Lichen encaustus Sm. Trans.
Linn. Soc. i. (1791) p. 83.
Sometimes regarded as an alpine var. of P. physodes ; but in the
absence of any well-marked intermediate states it may be considered
distinct. In regions where the plant is common, the thallus varies considerably
in colour and in the character of the laciuiæ, but the very few
British specimens are sufficiently typical. The apothecia are more or less
scattered, at first concave, then plane, and in old plants flexuose. The
spermogones are frequent, minute, black, with spermatia 0,007 mm. loug,
about 0,001 mm. thick.
Hah. On granitic boulders in alpine places.—Distr. Found on one of
the higher N. Grampians, Scotland.—B. AI. : Cairntoul, Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
33. P. p e r tn s a Schær. Spic. (1840) p. 457.—Thallus orbicular,
plano-appressed, glabrous, sinuato-laciniate, glaucous-white ; beueath
black, rugose, naked ; laciniæ multifid, convex, minutely
perforate, dilated and orenato-inoised a t the apices (Kj'^yellow,
CaClZ)- Apothecia central, small, reddish-brown, th e margin
entire, in flex ed ; spores 2 -4 næ , 0 ,0 0 4 5 -6 0 mm. long, 0,0 2 2 -2 8
mm. thiok.— Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 36 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 129,
cd. 3, p. 120.—Lichen pertusus Schrank, Fl. Bavar. ii. (1789)