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the axis nalied and the griimiles almost entirely pulverulent. Tliej' are
quite sterile as iu AV. France, the only other region in wliicli the plant
has liitlierto been detected.
Hah. Among mosses on gr,initie boulders in upland districts.—Histr.
Sparingly among the Oeutril Grampians, Scotlaud.—B. M. : Near Loch
Eagh, llanuoch Aloor, Perthshire.
3. S. p ascliale Er. Stirp. Fomsj. (1825) p. 3.3.— Thalhis modera
te or somowhat largo ; jiodetia stip ate or siihdisjicrsed, erect or
suhdeoumhent, very much liraiiohed, th e axis soniOAvhat compressed,
a t first arachnoid, speedily bocoming nearly glabrous ; podetial
granules squamulose, crenate, greyish-white or whitish. Apothecia
moderate, terminal or subterminal, plane or convex, broAvn or dark-
hrown ; sjiores usually 3-, sometimes 5-9 -sep tate, fiisiformi-cylin-
drica], 0,0 1 8 -4 0 mm, long, 0 ,0 9 3 5 -4 5 mm. thiok.—Nyl. Syn. i.
p. 242, t. 7. ff. 1 8 -2 8 ; Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 1 5 ; Lioh. Brit,
p. 17 pro parte ; Leight. Lioh. FL p. 77, cd. 3, p. 70 pro pa rte .—
Lichen 2 >aschalis Linn. Sp. PL (1753) p. 1153 pro parte.
As already stated, S. coralloides has for the most part been confounded
Avitli this by British authors. Tlie podetia are hut loo.3ely adherent to the
substratum, and often become nearly free. From S. coralloides it differs
also in the jiodetia being stipate (not cæspitose) aud in the gramiles
being smaller aud le.ss distinctly dactyloid-divided. I t is essentially a
plant of cold climates, Avhore it frequently .spreads extensively ; but in
this country it is one of our rare.st lichens. The apothecia are not very
miinerous, and are usually situated at or uear the apices of the podetia.
The cephalodia are verrucose, greyish, with the gonimia glomerulose,
often moniliforin. The spermogones are uot uucommon, with spermatia
0,0045-55 mm. long, about 0,001 mm. thick.
Ilah. Among mosses on rocks and the ground in alpine tracts.—Histr.
Aterv spariiigly among the N. Grampians, Scotland.—B. AI. ; Upper Glen
Dee, Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
4. S. ev o lu tum Graewe e.v F r. fil. Bot. Not. 1805, p. 181.—
Thallus somewhat small or moderate ; podetia cæspitose, very muoh
and divaricately hraiioliod, especially towards tho apices, glabrous ;
qiodetial granules ramuloso-divided, stipate and very muoh crowded
a t the apices, greyisli-giaucous or whitish. Apotheoia terminal,
moderate or somewhat largo, a t first someAvhat piano aud thinly
margined, pale- or dark-brown ; spores firm, oblong or oblongo-
fusiform, obtuse, 3-septate, 0 ,0 1 8 -2 8 min. long, 0 ,0 0 5 -7 mm. thick.
— Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1876, p. 359 ; Loight. Lioh. F l. ed, 3, p. 72.
This also has been confounded Avith S . pasehale.—B rit. E xs. :
Cromb. n. 120.
Intermediate between S. coralloides and S. pascliale, but sufficiently
distinguished from both by the constantly 3-septate spores. The podetia
are usually' suberect, pretty closely adherent to the substratum, and in
large plants less aggregate. The apotbecia in old plants become tuber-
culato-difform, and often burst asunder. The cephalodia (Avliicli are not
very frequent) and the spermogones are as in S. coralloides.
Hah. On rocks aud Avails in maritime aud mountainous districts.—
Distr. General and common iu AV. and N. England, N. AVales, ainoiig
the Grampians, Scotlaud, and in W. Ireland.—B. AI.: Ilay Tor, AViddi-
combe, and AVistmain’s Wood,Devonshire ; Plynliinmon, Cardiganshire;
Cader Idris, Llyn Bodlyii, Dolgelly, and Garth, Alerionethsliire ; Tee.s-
rln1o Tlnvhnm ' New GnllnAA'av. Kivkcudbrifihtshire;dale, Durham. NeAV GalloAA'ay,Kirkcudbrightsliire; AApnpniinu,. AArrgayyllee--
shire; Ciianlarich, Bon LaAvers, aud near Loch Eagh, llanuoch, Perthshire
; Glen Callater, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Loch Limilie, Inverness-
shire ; near Forres, Elginshire; Applecross, lloss-shive. Oahir and
Blackwater Bridge, co. Kerry; Connemara, co. Galway.
5. S. tomentosum Fr. Sched. Crit. iii. (1824) p. 20 pro parte ;
F r. fil. Comm. Stor. (1857) p. 29.—Thallus moderate or somOAA-hat
largo ; podetia solitary or loosely cæspitoso, depressed or asoonding,
rounded, th e axis densely tomontoso-araohnoid, divaricately branched,
th e branohos often subdistichous ; podetial granules soaroely any
below, oroAvdod above, inciso-crenate, rounded, greenish-Avliito or
oæsio-greenish. Apotheoia small, torminal and lateral, concave,
becoming subglohose, brown or dark-brown ; spores 3-, raroly 5 -7 -
septate, fusiformi-baoillar, 0,022—37 mm. long, 0,002—3 mm. thick.
—Aludd, Alan. p. 65 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 17 ; Loight. Lich. Fl.
p. 87, ed. 3, p. 70.—B rit. Exs. ; Dicks. H o rt. Sic. u. 24.
The podetia, usually somewhat robust, are loosely affixed to the substratum
or subfree. th e tonientum, by wliich the plant may generally
at once fie recog’iiized, fieconies more or less evanescent in age. llie.
cephalodia are minute, veiTucoso-glomernlose, greyish, sometimes uerugi-
nose, with the gonimia minute, conglomerate, and for tlie most p u t
moniliform. The apothecia are rather rare in this country, but the
spermogones are more common, with spermatia 0,005-C mm. long, 0,001
inm. thick.
Hah. Amongst gravel in stony places in maritime and subalpine
i districts.—
tricts.—. a■n» d S, , A-V r.,ta_n_d_ _N__._E_n_g_l_a1n> d,l \trh e. TEifA.Kc+oAaVsI
Di'si;-. Local and scarce in \Y.,ana in. langianu, xne la. coast of
Scotland, and here and there among the Grampians.—B. AI.: Dartmoor,
Devonsbire ; Ilelvellyn, Cumberland. Ben LaAvers, Perthsliire; Sands
of Barrie and Clova' Alts., Forfarsliire ; Glen Lui Beg, Braemar, Aberdeenshire
; Ben Nevis, Inverness-sbire.
6. S. alpinum Laur. in Fries, Lioh. E u r. (1831) p. 204.—
Thallus somcAvhat small; podetia congested, adherent a t th e base,
erect, th e axis th in ly tomentoso; podetial granules whitish, verru-
cieform and conglomerate, or the lower ones squamulose and inciso-
crenate. Apotheoia few, usually terminal and dilated, somewhat
plane or a t length convex, dark-red or brownish-black ; spores as in
th e preceding.—Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 15.— Stereocaulon tomentosum
var. alpinum Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 17 ; Leight. Lioh. 11.
78, ed. 3, p. 71. Stereocaulon pasehale y. alpinum Aludd, ila ii.
QQ— B rit. Exs. : Larb. Lioh. Hb. n. 7.
P
Thoua-h reo-arded as a variety of S. tomentosum, this seems to be a
distinct species. The generally small podetia are more erect ant congested,
with their branches less divaricate; the granules are Avliitisli,
more turgid a n d verrucoso-conglomei-ate ; the tomentum, winch is wlntisli
and more sparingly present, is at length entirely evanescent ; and the
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