Closely related, like all the other plants of this
umhrina', from which it differs in the characters given. 1"
snecimen gatliered the tliallus is suhgreenish and somewhat scattered,
¿ ith n u m e r o u s , mostly subbiatorine apothecia, in which the paraphyses
are scarcely discrete. _ . r, i
Ilab. Ou grauitio stones of a wall in a lowland district.—DisZr. Only
sparingly in N.E. Scotland; no doubt to be detected elsewhere.—B. JM..
AVoodside, near Aberdeen.
111. L. m am m illife ra Stirt. Traiis. Glasgow Soc. Nat. 1875,
,3 85 —Thallus minutely areolato-diffract, d ark- or brownish-grey,
th e areolæ plane ( K - , C a C l- ) . Apothecia small prominent,
convex, black or brownish-black, in ternally pale-greyish, the margin
thalline) obtuse, a t length depressed ; spores ellipsoid, LU
mm. long, 0,0 0 7 -0 ,0 0 8 5 mm. th ic k ; paraphyses_ few, discrete,
thickish, brownish a t tho clavate apices ; hypothecium colourless ;
hymenial gelatine bluish, th en tawny (especially the thecæ) with
iodine.—Leight. Lieh. EJ. ed. 3, p. 201.
I have seen no specimen of the plant, and as the author says "otlnng
as to its affinities oi the character of the spermogones, it may not belong
to this section.
Hab On rocks in a mountainous district.—Distr. Vep' local on one of
the Central Grampians, Scotlaud (Ben-y-gloe, Blair Athole, 1 erthshire).
d. Thallus usually more or less yellowish.
112. L. su lp h u re a Aoh. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 309. Thallus
tliickish, rimoso-areolate, grcenish-sulphur-colourod, tho areolæ
tumid, smooth (K + yellowish, C a C l - ) ; hypothallus indistinct.
Apotheoia moderate, at first innate, th en protruded, biatorine, plane
or convex, difform, livid, olive- or livid-black, subpruinose, th e th a lliue
margin speedily excluded ; spores ellipsoid, 0 ,0 1 0 -1 5 mm. long,
0 ,0 0 5 -6 mm. thiok ; paraphyses not discrete ; epithecium granulose,
brownish ; hymenial gelatine bluish and th en sordid w ith iodine.—
Mudd, Man. p. 152 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 52 ; Leight. Lioh Fl.
n 198 ed. 3, p. 182.— Lecidea sulphurea 8m. Eng. Fl. v. p. 181 ;
Gray, Nat. A rr. i. p. 470 ; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii, p. 38 ; Tayl. m Mack.
F l Hib p 127. Lichen snlphureus Hoffm. Enum. ( l /o 4 ) p. o 2 \
Dicks. Crypt, fasc. ii. p. 1 7 ; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 12 ; Eng. Bot.
t. ] 186, upper fig.—B rit. Eocs. : Leigbt. n. 114 ; Mudd, n. 121 ;
Larh. Lioh. Hb. nos. 61, 92 ; Bohl. n. 117.
Distino-uished from the allied species chiefly by the colour of the thallus
aud by 7116 biatorine, usually immarginate apothecia. I t frequently
spreads extensively over the substratum, the thaUus varying somewhat
in thickness. The apothecia are numerous and crowded, becoming more
or less confluent. The spermogones are punotiform, immersed, livid-black,
and often crowded.
Hab. On rocks and walls in maritime, upland, rarely mountainous
districts.—DfsZr. General and common in most parts of Great Biatam
and Ireland ; rare in the Channel Islands.—B. M. ; Island of Sark.
AA'althamstow, E ssex; Hastings, Sussex; St. Minver and Penzance,
Cornwall; Oheveley Park, Cambridgeshire ; Bardon Hill, Leicestershire ;
Malvern Hills, AVorcestershire; AVrekin Hill, Shropshire ; Barmouth and
Dolgelly, Merionethshire; Island of Anglesea; Roseberry, Cleveland,
ATorkshire ; Eglestone, Durham ; Staveley, near Kendal, Westmoreland ;
Wansbeck, Nortlmmberlaud. Eerrick, Kirkcudbriglitshire; Appin,
Argyleshire; Ben Lawers, Pe rthshire ; Portlethen, Kmcardineshire;
Craig Guie, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. Lambay Island, co. Cork; Killarney,
CO. K e rry ; Letter Hill, Connemara, co. Galway.
113. L. orosthea Aoh. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 400.—Thallus
effuse, th in , areolato-rimulose or subpulverulent, yellowish-sulphur-
ooloured (K + yellow, CaCl — ). Apotheoia small, biatoroid, convex
or tuberouloso-difform, immarginate, subooncolorous w ith th e thallus
or yellowish-flesh-coloured, sometimes sordid or subpruinose; spores
eUipsoid or oblong, 0 ,0 0 9 -1 6 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 6 -7 mm. th io k ; hymen
ial gelatine bluish with iodiue.—Leight. Lioh. Fl. p. 199, ed. 3,
p. 183 pro p a rte .— Lecanora varia subsp. orosthea Cromb. Lich. Brit,
p. 52. Lecidea orosthea Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 470. Lichen orostheus
Aoh. Prodr. (1798) p. 38.
Approaches L. suljjhurea, but differs in the thinner, paler, more or less
pulverulent thallus and the smaller apothecia. I t grows chiefly on the
smooth sides of perpendicular rocks, is very widely effuse, and is either
entirely sterile or sparingly fertile. The apothecia are more or less scattered,
varying in colour according to degree of exposure.
Hab. On rocks, granitic and schistose, in maritime and upland districts.
—Distr. Seen from only a few localities in Great Britain and Irelaud,
but is no doubt more widely distributed, though, from being so frequently
sterile and the nature of the habitat, specimens are rare in herbaria.—
B. M. ; Land’s End, Cornwall; Ennerdale, Cumberland. West Water,
Fifeshire; Craig Calliach, Pe rthshire ; Portlethen, Kincardineshire.
Croghane, co. Kerry; co. AA'icklow ; Kylemore, Connemara, co. Galway.
Var. p . sublivescens Nyl. Flora, 1872, p. 248.—Thallus as in
th e type. Apothecia often livid or livid-black, epruinose.—Cromb.
Grevillea, xviii. p. 69.— Lecanora varia var. symmicta form livescens
Nyl. in Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 52.
Differs in the apothecia being naked, frequently variously livid, and
more especially iu the habitat. In our specimens the thallus is usually
less pulverulent and rather darker. The apothecia are very numerous
and crowded, some at times appearing as if crowned hy the thallus.
Hab. On the trunks of aged beech-trees in wooded upland distriets.—
Distr. Only a few localities in S. and E. England, where, however, it is
plentiful.—B. M. : Near Lyndhurst, New Forest, Hants ; Highbeech,
Eppiug Forest, Essex; AVindsor Great Park, Berkshire.
114. L. epanora Aoh. Lioh. Univ. (1810) p. 377.—Thallus effuse,
granulose, thinnish, greenish-yellow, citrino-sorediate, the granules
globuloso-congested, contiguous or dispersed (K —, CaOl — ) ; hypothallus
blackish or obsolete. Apothecia submoderate, lecanorine,