ü
297
coloured tliallus, whicli is generally more or less sprinkled with yellowish-
white soredia. Sometimes it is paler towards the base and on the under
surface ; when growing in moist shady places it is somewhat greenish. It
varies considerably in size occasionally spreading rather extensively, but
frequently stunted iu small densely cæspitose tufts. The apothecia are
extremely rare in Great Britain, and when they occur are few and small.
The spermogones, which are more frequent, are scattered, usually somewhat
prominent, with spermatia as in P. parietina, but rather thinner and
pistillar.
Hab. On the trunks and branches of trees and shrubs, sometimes on
rocks and walls, chiefly in maritime districts.—Histr. UsuaUy plentiful
where it occurs, in S. and W. England, N. Wales, in S. Ireland, and
formerly iu S.W. Scotland (.Ailsa Craig).—B. M, ; Islands of Sark, Alderney,
and Guernsey. Lydd, Kent ; St. Leonard’s Forest, Fairlight Glen
near Hastings, aud Lewes, Sussex ; Brockenhurst, New Forest, Hants ;
uear A’eiitnor, Ryde, Appuldurcombe, and Shanklin, Isle of AA’iglit ; near
Totnes, Lydford, AV’iddeoombe, South Brent, and Torquay, Devonshire ;
Bocconoc, Denzance (frt.), AA’ithiel, and Bude, Cornwall; Malvern Hills,
Worcestersliire ; Aberdovey and Barmouth, Merionethshire ; Holyhead,
Island of Anglesea. Lamhay Island, co. Dublin ; Whiting Bay, co.
Waterford ; uear Cork, Castlebernard Park, Bandon, and Cape Clear, co.
Cork.
2. P. chrysophthalma DC. Fl. F r. ii. (1805) p. 401.—Thallus
cæspitoso-frutiouloso, rigid, lacero-laciniate, yellow or yellowish-
white ; beneath whitish, laoiniæ narrow, ascending, divaricato-
multifid, plane or oonoavo, th e apices fibrilloso-ramulose or spinoso
(K j]P ’‘’’P'®, C aC l/) . Apotheoia subterminal, moderate or large,
concave or somewhat plane, orange-coloured, th e margin fibrilloso-
ciliate ; spores 0 ,0 1 1 -1 7 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 6 -1 0 mm. thiok.—Cromb.
Lioh. Brit. p. 37 ; Loight. Lich. Fl. p. 141, ed. 3, p. 131.— Borrera
chrysophthalma Gray, Nat. A rr. i. p. 435 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 233 ;
Mudd, Man. p. 112, t. ii. f. 34. Lichen chrysophthalmus Linn.
Mant. ii. (1771) p. 311 ; Eng. Bot. t. 1088. Lichenoides pndmo-
narius minimus subluteus, receptaculis Jlorum coronatis, ma lia u ra n tii
coloris (Mich.) Dill. Muse. 74, t. 13. f. 17.—B r it. Exs. : Leight.
n. 394 ; Larb. Cæsar. n. 22 ; Bohl. n. 122.
Much smaller than the preceding, from which it is readily distinguished
hy tbe tballus and fructification. AVitb us it occurs only iu small scattered
tufts, and is but little variable. I t is generally well fruited, tbe
apothecia being sometimes numerous and crowded. The spermogones are
scattered towards the extremities of tbe laciniæ, with tbe spermatia a
little more slender than in tbe following species.
Hab. On tbe trunks and branches of trees in orchards, rarely on old
pales, in maritime districts.—Distr. Kather local and scarce, in tlie
Channel Islands, S. England, and S. Irelaud; very doubtful in S.W.
Scotland.—B. M. : Rozel and St. Brelade’s, Island of Jersey ; Islands of
Sark and Guernsey. Near Brighton and Lewes, Sussex ; near Ryde, Isle
of Wight ; llsham AValk, near Torquay, S. Devon. Carrigalim and K il-
britaiu, co. Cork ; Muckroue, co. Kerry.
Form 1. DicMeana Nyl. Syn. i. (I8 6 0 ) p. 410.—Thallus small,
glaucous-white. Apothecia small or moderate, nearly plane, w ith
cntiro thalline margin.—Mudd, Man. p. 112 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit,
p. 37 ; Loight. Lieh. El. p. 142, ed. 3, p. 131.— Physcia villosa, var.
Dklciecma Linds. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin. t. xxii. (1867) p. 254.
Apparently hut an accidental state of the type, depending upon the
nature of the habitat. I t is distinguished by the pale tballus and the
entire margin of the apotbecia, wliicb latter character, however, sometimes
occurs iu the type itself.
Hah. On shady rocks in maritime districts,—Distr. Very local and
rare in the Cbanuel Islands (?) and in N.E. Ireland.—B. M. : Newcastle,
CO. Down.
3. P. p a r ie tin a Do Not. Mem. R. Ao. So. Turin, ser. 2, x. (1849)
p_ 387.—Thallus suborbicular, appressed, imbrioato-lobcd, sniooth,
yellow ; beneath paler or pale-whitish, sparingly fibrilloso-rhizinose ;
lobes somewhat plane or concave, rounded and crenate a t tho m a rgins
(K+violet-purplish, C aC l/) . Apotheoia moderate, oonoavo or
plane, subooncolorous, the margin entire or nearly entire ; spores
0 ,0 1 2 -1 6 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 7 -0 mm. thiok.—Mudd, Man. p. ^113 ;
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 38 ; Leight. Lich. El. p. 142, od. 3, p. 131.—
Parmelia p a n e iin a Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 438 ; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii.
p. 52 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 204 ; Tayl. in Alaok. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 141.
Lichen parietinus Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) p. 1143 ; Huds. F l. Angl.
p. 447 ; Lightf. F l. Soot. ii. p. 822 ; Eng. Bot. t. 194 ; With. Arr.
cd. 3, iv. p. 34. Lichenoides vulyai-e sinuosum fo liis el seutellis liiteis
Dill. Muse. 180, t. 24. f. 76. Lichenoides crusta foliosa scutellata,
fiavescens Dill, in Bay Syu. ed. 3, p. 72, n. 59. B rit. Lxs. : Loight.
n. 10 ; Mudd, n. 85 ; Larb. Lieh. Hb. n. 9 ; Bohl. n. 12.
A very common and well-known plant, easily recognized by its bright-
yellow, smooth, appressed thallus. At first sight it looks as if it were a
Parmelia, but its essential characters are those of this genus. I t vanes
considerably in colour and in the cliaracter of the laciuiæ, which give
rise to tbe forms and varieties described. With us, as elsewliere, it is
commonly fertile, the apotbecia being chiefly central and crowded,, with
tbe marii-in somewhat tliickish aud inflexed or thin and entire. The
spermogkies are not very frequent in tbe type. They are usually more
or less congregate, inclosed in thalline protuberances, with spermatia
0,0025 mm. long, 0,0015 mm. thick.
Hah On the trunks and branches of trees, old pales, and walls, in maritime,
lowland, and upland districts.—Disfr. Very general and plentiful
throuo-hout Great Britain and prohahly Ireland.—B. M. ; Bury ot. Edmunds,
Suffolk; Edgeware, Middlesex; Lydd, Kent; Lewes, Sussex;
Appuldurcombe, Isle of AVight ; Plymouth, Devonshire ; Cirencester,
Gloucestersliire ; Windsor, Berkshire ; Madingley Park, Cambridgeshire ;
near Worcester ; Harboro’ Magna, AVarwickshire ; Gnmsbm-y Green,
Northamptonshire; Matlock and Buxton, Derbyshire; near Shrewsbury,
Shropshire; Island of Anglesea; Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Levens, AVe^st-
moreland; Hexham, Northumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcudbnght-
shire ; near Stirling ; Einlai-ig, Killin, Pertlisliire ; Dundee, Forfarsliire ;
Drum and Castleton of Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Aberuetliy, Banttshire ;