subglobose, siilpluireous soredia ; beneatb dark, 'witli blackisb
rbizinoe ; laciniæ narrow, inultitid, somewhat convoxo-ooniprcssed,
incurved a t th e apices ( K / , C aC l/) . Apotheoia small, reddish-
brown, th e margin subentire ; spores 0 ,0 0 8 -1 2 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 5 -6
mm. th ick .—Sm. Eng. El. v. p. 2 0 2 : Tayl. iu Mack. El. Hib. ii.
p. 14!); Aludd, Man. p. 102 ; Cromb. Licb. Brit. p. 34 ; Leight. Lich.
El. ]). 140 pro parte, ed. 3, p. 120 pro ¡¡arte.—Lichen incurvus Pers.
in Ust. xiun. vii. (1794) p. 24. F a n n d ia recurva Acb., Gray, Nat.
Arr. i. p. 442 ; Hock. El. Soot. ii. p. 54. Lichen midtifidus, Dicks.
Crypt, fasc. iii. p. 16, t. 9. f. 7 ; AA’ith . Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 28.
Easily recognizable from tbe allied species by tbe incurved apices of tbe
laciniæ. The thallus, which is usually widely expanded, often becomes
suberuslaceous aud dark in the centre, where also, in very old plants, it
sometimes decays like P. centrfuga, a plant not found in Great Britain.
Tlie apothecia are very rare in this country, aud when present are not
rightly developed. The spermogones, however, are frequent, giving the
thallus a black punctate appearance, with spermatia 0,005-7 mm. long,
about 0,001 mm. thick,
Ilah. Ou granitic rocks and boulders in subalpine and alpine jilaces.—
Disfr. Local in S.AA’. Ireland and S. Scotland ; more frequent among the
N. Grampians, Scotland.—B. AI. : New Galloway, Jvirkciidbrightshire ;
Craig Coinnoch, Glen Candlic, Ben-naboord, Alorrone, and Upper Gleu
Dee (fruit), Braemar, Aberdeenshire. Duukerroii Alt., co. Kerry.
c. Oliraeeo-nigricantes.—Thallus normally olive-brown or
brownish-black.
20. P. a c e ta b u lum Dub. Bot. Gall. ii. (1830) p. 601.—Tballus
orbicular, coriaoeo-membranaoeous. unequal or rugulose, subopaque,
imbricato-lobed, glaucous- or lurid-olivaoeous ; beueath paler and
sparingly black-fibrillose ; lobes rounded, appressed a t the circumference,
ascending and undulate in tb e centre
CaCl“ ). Apotbecia moderate or large, rugose, badio-reddish, the
margin crenulate, infloxed : spores 0 ,0 1 2 -1 6 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 8 -1 0 mm.
thick.—Mudd, Man. p. 99 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 35 ; Leigbt. Lich.
F l. p. 136, ed. 3, p. 125.— Lichen acetabidum Neck. Delio. (1768)
p. 506. Parmelia eorriigata Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 438 ; Hook. Eng.
Fl. V. p. 201. Lichen corrugatus Eng. Bot. t. 1652. Lichenoides
acetabidis cutaneis et rvgosis Dill. AIusc. 185, t. 24. f. 79.—B rit.
E.vs. : Cromb. n. 142 ; Leigbt. n. 362.
The thicker thallus, the larger lohes, and rugose apothecia readily distinguish
this from our other species of this subsection. Elsewhere it grows
widely expanded, though this state is rare in Britain. The apothecia, which
are not frequent in this country, become rather large iu very old plants.
The spermogones, generally veiy abundant, are at length confluent, and
form rugosities on the thallus, with the sterigmata often branched and
jointed, aud the spermatia about 0,007 mm. long, 0,001 mm, thick.
Ilah. On the trunks of old trees in woods and parks in lowland
districts.—Distr. Not general nor common throughout England, chiefly
in the S.; verv local in Central Scotland; not seen from Ireland.—
B. AI.: Saham" AA’ood, Norfolk; near Buiy, Suftblk; Epping- ForesL
Essex; Broome Park, K e n t; St. Leonard's Forest, Poymng’s Ilill, and
Beeding Priory, Sussex; near Nefley Abbey, Hampshire ; Sqmertord
Keynes, AA’iltshire; near Cirencester and Fairford, Gloucestershire; near
the" Ketch, AVorcestershire ; Harboro’ Alagna, AVarwickshire; Stokesley,
Cleveland, Yorkshire. Auldbar, Forfarshire.
21. P. Olivácea Ach. Aleth. (1803) p. 213.— Thallus orbicular,
membranaceous, appressed, rugulose or minutely corrugate, laciniato-
lobed, subopaque, olive-brow'U or badious-umbrine; beneath nearly
concolorous, paler a t the circumference, ohsoletely fibrillose ; lobes
radiating, plane, rounded, crenate ( K / , CaCl_). Apotheoia modera
te , dark chestnut-coloured, tb e margin entire or nearly e n tir e ;
spores 0 ,0 1 1 -1 9 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 7 -1 0 mm. thick.—Nyl. Syn. i.
(1860) p. 3 9 5 ; Cromb. Grevillea, x . p. 2 4 ; Lich. Brit. p. 35 pro
jia r te ; Loight. Lich. Fl. p. 122 pro parte, ed. 3, p. 115 pro p a r te—
Lichenoides olivaeeum, scutellis laevihus Dill. AIusc. 182, t. 24. f. 7 / a .
Lichen olivaceus and Parmelia olivácea of our older authors belong
to one or o th er of tb e following allied plants.
Several species, now rightly separated, have been included here hv
authors. As limited, it is readily recognized hy the rugulose thallus and
the entire margin of the apothecia. I t is a plant of a more boreal type
than any of its immediate allies. The apothecia are chiefly central and
crowded, the margin of the receptacle becoming less smooth and entire
iu age. The spermogones are minute, black, immersed or prominent,
with spermatia 0,007 mm. long, about 0,001 nim. thick.
Ilah. On the trunks of trees, hirch and alder, in wooded upland dis-
tvicts.—Distr. A’ery local aud rare in the N. Grampians, Scotland.—
B. Al!: Abergeldie and Glen Clunie, Braemar, <Aherdeenshire.
22. P. e x a s p e ra ta Nyl. Not. Sallsk. pro F. e t Fl. F. Forh. ii. s.
V . (1866) p. 120 (note).—Thallus orbicular, membranaceous, minu
tely and densely rugoso-pnpillosc, olive-brown ; beneath paler,
sparingly fibrillose ; lobes more or less obliterated iu th e centre,
appressed, rounded and inciso-crenate a t tbe circumference (K_ ^
CaCl“ ). Apotbecia small, or a t len g th somewhat large, chestnutcoloured,
th e margin elevated, verrucose and papillose ; spores shortly
ellipsoid, 0 ,0 0 9 -1 2 mm. long, 0,0 0 7 -1 0 mm. thiok.—Cromb. Journ.
Linn. Soo. Bot. xvii. p. 572.— Parmelia olivácea siibsp. exasperata
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 3 5 ; var. exasperata Loight. Liob. Fl. p. 123,
ed. 3, p. 115. Collema exasgoeratum Aoh. Lioh. Univ. (1810) p. 645.
Parmelia olivácea Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 4 3 8 ; Hook. 11. Scot. ii.
p. 52 ; Eng. El. ii. p. 200 ; Tayl. in Alack. F l. Hib. n. p. 1 4 3 ;
Alndd ’ Alan. p. 99 pro parte. Lichen olivaceus Huds. F l. Angl.
p. 44(5; Lightf. FL Scot ii. p. 819 pro p a r te ; AA’ith . Arr. ed. 3, iv.
p 35 • Euo- Bot. t. 2180. Lichenoides olivaceum, scutdhs ampliori-
hns v ’erriieosis Dill. Muse. 184, t. 24. f. 78. Lichenoides crusta
foliosa scutellatcc, gmllum Dill, in Kay, Syn. cd. 3, p. 72, n. 60.